殖民统治与卢旺达、布隆迪的族群政治化——以瓦赞改革为例

The Colonial Rule and the Ethnic Politicization in Rwanda and Burundi:A Case Study of the Voisin Reforms in Ruanda-Urundi

1926—1931年,比利时殖民当局在卢安达-乌隆迪实施一系列改革,主要内容包括调整卢安达-乌隆迪的地方行政结构、重组大小酋长辖区、制定和落实以扩大咖啡种植范围为主的经济规划,史称“瓦赞改革”。“瓦赞改革”旨在把卢安达-乌隆迪本土统治精英纳入现代官僚体系,以提高殖民行政管理效率,实现殖民成本最小化。但是,瓦赞改革也给卢安达-乌隆迪留下了族群政治化与族群对立的后遗症。

From 1926 to 1931,the Belgian colonial authorities implemented a series of reforms in Ruanda-Urundi,which included the adjustment of the local administrative structure,the reorganization of the chiefdoms and sub-chiefdoms,and the formulation and implementation of an economic plan that mainly focused on expanding the scope of coffee cultivation.These reforms are called"the Voisin reforms"by historians.The reforms were designed to integrate the native Ruanda-Urundi ruling elite into the modern bureaucracy in order to improve the efficiency of the colonial administration and minimize the colonial costs.On the other side,however,the reforms had left Ruanda-Urundi with a legacy of ethnic politicization and ethnic rivalry.