英国基础教育师资短缺:现实困境、归因分析与对策

Teacher Shortage in Basic Education in the UK: PracticalDilemmas, Attribution Analysis and Countermeasure

英国基础教育教师队伍面临的短缺危机既是一国现象,又具有普遍的警示价值,值得引以为鉴。英国基础教育教师队伍短缺主要表现为总量性短缺问题、师资恶性循环流失问题、师资结构性短缺问题等。通过对英国基础教育教师短缺概念的梳理与影响教师短缺因素的归因分析发现,薪酬待遇缺乏竞争力、政策变化加剧了教师压力、资金支持的激励性不足、教师供应模型存在误差等因素影响了教师队伍的供给与发展。据此,英国政府制定了教师招聘与留用战略,采取了一系列挽救措施,希望建立具有吸引力、可持续性和回报性的教师发展体系,重点支持早期教师发展,鼓励学校领导建立支持性的学校文化,增强教师职业的吸引力,结合财政与非财政等手段应对英国基础教育教师队伍短缺的困境。同时加强对数据的科学统计,通过强化数据的精准性与完整性提升数据对教师供给的指导价值,并借助研究,支撑经济与非经济手段有机结合的政策改进,以期制定更加有效的教师招聘与留用支持政策。

The shortage crisis in the UK's basic education teachers is not only a national problem,but also arouse universal vigilance.The shortage of basic education teachers in the UK is an overall shortage,a vicious cycle of teacher loss,and a structural shortage.Through the analysis of the concept of teacher shortage in basic education in the UK and the impact factors,it is found that a lack of competitiveness in salary and benefits,increased pressure on teachers due to policy changes,insufficient incentive for financial support,and errors in teacher supply models have an combined impact on the supply and development of the teaching staff.Based on this,the British government has formulated a teacher recruitment and retention strategy,adopted a series of rescue measures,and hopes to establish an attractive,sustainable,and rewarding teacher development system,with a focus on supporting early teacher development,supporting school leaders to establish a supportive school culture,enhancing the attractiveness of the teaching profession,and combining financial and non-financial means to address the shortage of basic education teachers in the UK.At the same time,the scientific statistics of data have been strengthened to provide more accurate and full referrence to plan of teacher supply.With the help of research,it supports policy improvements that organically combine economic and non-economic means,in order to develop more effective teacher recruitment and retention support policies.