指向创新人才培养的OECD数学学科教学设计与改革

OECD's Mathematics Instructional Design and Reform for Nurturing Innovative Talents

基础教育阶段应为创新人才发展打下坚实基础。聚焦于OECD学校教育变革国际行动研究项目,以数学学科为例,深度分析了OECD指向创新人才培养的数学教学设计改革路径和典型范例。在改革路径方面,OECD以中小学教师为改革主体,以教学设计为改革客体,以指向创新人才培养的创造力概念框架、活动设计原则和评价量规为改革手段,从目标、活动过程和评价三个方面系统保障了课堂改革落地生效。在教学设计范例方面,通过分析OECD发布的数学教学设计范例,从创造力发展目标的设计、结果与过程的评价目标、情境创设与驱动性任务以及师生课堂教学活动设计四个部分剖析了指向创新人才培养的数学教学设计开发。基于分析研究,得出OECD的国际行动研究主要通过加强顶层设计、坚持目标导向、落实评价先行、创设新鲜情境、强调任务意义感、保护创新发展土壤等方式推动中小学创新人才的培养,并进一步总结了中小学课堂上扼杀创新人才的常见误区,可为我国开展中小学创新人才培养提供启示。

Basic education lays a solid foundation for the development of innovative talents.This paper highlighted the OECD International Action Research Project in school education.Taking mathematics as an example,the paper provided an in-depth analysis of the reform approach and exemplary cases of mathematics instructional design,as recommended by the OECD.For the reform approach,the OECD regarded primary and secondary school teachers as the primary agents of reform,targets instructional design as the target of reform,and adopted a creativity concept framework,activity design principles,and assessment rubrics to cultivate innovative talents.The goal,activity process,and assessment altogether were systematically ensured the effectiveness of classroom reform.With the mathematics instructional design examples recommended by the OECD,this paper analyzed the development of mathematics instructional design from four aspects:design of creativity development goals,assessment goals of products and processes,creation of unexpected fresh contexts,and teacher-student classroom teaching activity design.Based on the aforementioned research,the analysis concluded that OECD primarily promotes the cultivation of innovative talents in primary and secondary schools through strategies such as strengthening top-level design,adhering to goal orientation,prioritizing assessment,creating new contexts,emphasizing the significance of tasks,and safeguarding the soil for innovative development.Furthermore,the current study also identified common negative practices in school classrooms that stifled the development of innovative talents.These could provide insights for China's efforts in cultivating innovative talents.