中国四大城市群水资源生态足迹比较

Comparison of water resources ecological footprint of four major urbanagglomerations in China

城市群的可持续发展是国家经济社会发展和实现人与自然和谐共生的重要基础,而水资源成为制约城市群发展的关键因素。为推进城市群水资源科学利用,基于水资源生态足迹理论,利用中国四大城市群(京津冀、长三角、珠三角和成渝城市群)2012~2021年水资源和社会经济发展相关数据,对比分析了地区水资源可持续利用状况。结果表明:①四大城市群10 a来人均水资源、人均生产用水生态足迹呈下降趋势,人均生活、人均生态用水生态足迹呈上升趋势。3种用水生态足迹中,人均生产用水生态足迹占比超过50%,人均生态用水生态足迹占比不足20%。②长三角城市群人均水资源及人均生产用水生态足迹最高,京津冀城市群最低;2015年后成渝城市群的人均水资源、人均生产用水及人均生活用水生态足迹均超过珠三角城市群。③京津冀城市群人均水资源承载力远远低于其他城市群,而人均水资源压力指数及人均生产、生活、生态用水压力指数远远高于其他城市群;2017年后成渝城市群的人均水资源承载力超过珠三角城市群。④研究年份内京津冀城市群均处于生态赤字状态;珠三角、成渝城市群水资源为生态盈余状态,长三角城市群总体为生态盈余状态。⑤随着水资源利用效率的提高,所有城市群万元GDP水资源生态足迹整体呈下降趋势。研究成果可为城市群科学利用水资源、推动城市群绿色均衡发展提供参考。

Urban agglomeration development plays an important role in national economic growth and enhancement of harmonious co-existence between human and nature,and meanwhile it is greatly restricted by water resources.To promote scientific application of urban agglomerations water resources,based on the ecological footprint theory of water resources,the sustainable utilization of water resources in four major urban agglomerations(Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing)were compared and analyzed using the relevant data of water resources and social-economic development from 2012 to 2021.The analysis results show that:①In the past 10 years,per capita water resources and production water ecological footprints of four major urban agglomerations are in a downward trend,while per capita domestic water and ecological water ecological footprints are in an upward trend.The ecological footprint of per capita production water accounts for the highest proportion in the study area,exceeding 50%;the lowest proportion is the ecological footprint of per capita ecological water,less than 20%.②Per capita water resources and production water ecological footprint in Yangtze River Delta is the highest,yet those in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is in the bottom.After 2015,per capita water resources,production water and domestic water ecological footprint in Chengdu-Chongqing surpass that in Pearl River Delta.③Per capita water resources carrying capacity in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is far poorer than the other clusters,while its per capita water resources stress index and its per capita production,domestic,ecological water resources stress indexes are much higher than the other clusters.After 2017,per capita water resources carrying capacity in Chengdu-Chongqing exceeded that in Pearl River Delta.④Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cluster is ecologically in a deficit state,yet water resources in Pearl River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing are in a state of ecological surplus.Overall,Yangtze River Delta is in a state of ecological surplus.⑤With more efficiency in water utilization,water resources ecological footprint of per ten thousand yuan GDP has shown a downward trend in all four urban agglomerations.The research results can provide a reference for scientific water utilization and promotion of green and balanced development in urban agglomerations.