稠油污水处理技术研究进展

Research Progress on Heavy Oil Wastewater Treatment Technology

针对稠油污水来源广、成分复杂、污染物浓度高、油水密度差小、毒性大、可生化性差、处理成本高等问题,梳理了稠油污水的来源、成分、特点及处理难点,总结了稠油污水处理中调质破乳、絮凝/气浮、生物降解、氧化或吸附四级处理技术的进展,对比了各种方法的优缺点。并提出缩短工艺流程、采用物理法与化学法相结合工艺以减少新污染引入,采用靶向氧化技术去除生物毒性、难降解有机物以提高污水可生化性,增强生物处理以提高处理效能等建议,以期为稠油污水绿色、低碳、低成本、高效处理提供借鉴。

Addressing the challenges posed by heavy oil wastewater,characterized by its wide range of sources,complex composition,high concentration of pollutants,small difference in oil-water density,high toxicity,poor biodegradability,and high treatment costs,this paper systematically reviews the sources,components,characteristics,and treatment difficulties of heavy oil wastewater.It summarizes the progress in four key treatment technologies used in heavy oil wastewater treatment:conditioning demulsification,flocculation/air flotation,biodegradation,and oxidation or adsorption,comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each method.Additionally,the paper suggests shortening the process flow,combining physical and chemical methods to reduce the introduction of new pollutants,using targeted oxidation techniques to remove biotoxicity and hard-to-degrade organic substances to enhance the biodegradability of wastewater,and strengthening biological treatment to improve treatment efficiency.These suggestions aim to provide a reference for green,low-carbon,cost-effective,and efficient treatment of heavy oil wastewater.