居家失能老年人家庭照顾者照顾负担模式及影响因素分析

Caregiving Burden Profile of the Family Caregivers of Beijing Disabled Elderly:Patterns and Influencing Factors

使用2018年北京市“精准帮扶”需求调查数据,采用潜在类别分析(LCA)方法探索居家失能老年人家庭照顾者的照顾负担模式,并使用多分类Logistic回归模型进一步分析不同照顾负担模式的影响因素。研究发现:失能老年人家庭照顾者存在五种照顾负担模式:全负担模式(17.7%)、身心负担模式(12.8%)、角色负担模式(14.4%)、经济突出模式(19.2%)和低负担模式(35.9%),反映出近一半的照顾者在同时承受多种照顾负担;失能老年人的失能程度、自评健康和照顾者每天的照顾时长是前四种负担模式的共同影响因素,照顾者的多种照顾资源对抑制照顾负担有显著效果,但对不同负担模式影响不尽相同。据此提出,为家庭照顾者提供整合式支持服务,识别支持对象时除考虑被照顾者需求特征外还应考察照顾者的资源状况。

We use data from the 2018 Beijing Accurate Support Demand Survey to explore the caregiving burden patterns of family caregivers of disabled elderly by latent class analysis.We identify five kinds of patterns:full burden(17.7%),physical and mental health damage(12.8%),role conflict(14.4%),only economic burden(19.2%),and low burden(35.9%).Multinomial logistic regression analysis is further adapted to analyze the influencing factors to the caregiving burden patterns.Results show that the degree of disability of the elderly,the self-rated health status of the elderly,and the caregivers′care intensity(time of care per day)are all important influencing factors.Caregiving resources have a significant effect on restraining caregiving burden,but the impact is different on different burden patterns.At last,we propose to provide integrated support services for family caregivers and both the care needs of the elderly and the resource status of caregivers should be taken into account when identifying the support objects.