制药废水中抗生素抗性的污染特征、检测手段和控制方法

Contamination Characteristics,Detection Methods,and Control Methods of Antibiotic Resistance in Pharmaceutical Wastewater

制药行业废水中含有大量的抗生素、抗生素抗性细菌(ARBs)及抗性基因(ARGs)等新污染物,现今的生物处理工艺尚不能有效地对其进行去除.最终以上新污染物随出水进入各类水体或渗入土壤,造成环境污染,影响人类健康.因此,探明制药废水中抗生素、ARBs和ARGs的污染特征,知晓检测和控制废水中抗生素抗性污染的方法,对于削减环境中的抗生素和ARGs,评估抗生素抗性的生态风险至关重要.针对制药废水处理厂(PWWTPs)环境中的抗生素抗性污染问题,讨论了制药废水中的抗生素、ARBs和ARGs的污染现状;概述了制药废水环境中抗生素抗性的不同评估方法;最后对PWWTPs中常用去除抗生素及ARGs的废水处理技术进行了概述,以期为环境中抗生素及抗性基因的生态风险评价及科学防治提供理论依据.

Pharmaceutical industry wastewater contains a large number of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics,antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARBs),and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).The present biological water treatment processes cannot effectively remove these pollutants.Eventually,they are discharged into various water bodies or penetrate into soil with the effluent,causing environmental pollution and affecting human health.Therefore,exploring the pollution characteristics of antibiotics,ARBs,and ARGs in pharmaceutical wastewater and knowing the methods to detect and control antibiotic resistance pollution in wastewater are crucial for reducing the contamination of antibiotics and ARGs and assessing the ecological risks of antibiotic resistance.Aiming at the problem of antibiotic resistance pollution in a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant(PWWTPs),the pollution status of antibiotics,ARBs,and ARGs in pharmaceutical wastewater was discussed.Different assessment methods of antibiotic resistance in pharmaceutical wastewater were summarized.Finally,the wastewater treatment technologies commonly used to remove antibiotics and ARGs in PWWTPs were summarized in order to provide a theoretical basis for the ecological risk assessment and scientific control of antibiotics and ARGs in the environment.