微塑料与农田土壤中典型污染物的复合污染研究进展

Research Process on the Combined Pollution of Microplastics and Typical Pollutants in Agricultural Soils

作为一种新型环境持久性污染物,微塑料除自身能够对生态系统产生不良影响外,其也可与周围环境中的共存污染物形成复合污染,从而产生更高的生态风险和健康风险.基于农业生态系统视角,聚焦重金属、农药和抗生素这3种农田土壤典型污染物与微塑料的复合污染,综述了重金属、农药和抗生素在微塑料上的吸附-解吸行为,探讨了微塑料的结构与性质、污染物的理化性质以及环境条件对重金属、农药和抗生素在微塑料上吸附-解吸行为的影响,阐述了微塑料对农田土壤中重金属、农药和抗生素生物有效性的影响及内在机制,指出了当前研究存在的问题和不足并对未来研究方向进行了展望,可为微塑料与农田土壤典型污染物复合污染的生态风险评估提供科学参考.

As a new type of environmental persistent pollutant,microplastics can not only have adverse effects on the ecosystem but also form complex pollution with co-existing pollutants in the surrounding environment,resulting in higher ecological and health risks.Based on the perspective of agroecosystems,this study focused on the combined pollution of heavy metals,pesticides,and antibiotics,which are three typical pollutants of farmland soil,as well as microplastics and discussed the adsorption-desorption behavior of heavy metals,pesticides,and antibiotics on microplastics.The influence of the structure and properties of microplastics,the physicochemical properties of pollutants,and environmental conditions on the adsorption and desorption behavior of heavy metals,pesticides,and antibiotics on microplastics was discussed.The influence of microplastics on the bioavailability of heavy metals,pesticides,and antibiotics in farmland soil and the internal mechanism were expounded.The existing problems and shortcomings of current research were pointed out,and the future research direction was proposed.This study can provide a scientific reference for ecological risk assessment of the combined pollution of microplastics and typical pollutants in farmland soil.