中国生态地理区划更新和优化

Updated scheme for eco-geographical regionalization in China

随着全球气候的持续增暖,中国的气候带和生态地理区域呈现出一定程度的变化。本文在已有生态地理区划方法的基础上,利用1991—2020年641个气象台站气候数据,以及高精度的生态地理要素资料,对中国生态地理区域进行了优化,更新了中国生态地理区域图(2023版),将制图比例尺提高至1∶400万。研究结果将中国划分为11个温度带、22个干湿区、50个自然区。与2007版的生态地理区划结果相比,1991—2020年中国生态地理区域的总体格局虽没发生明显变化,但是局部地区的温度带界线、干湿区界线、生态地理区(自然区)界线已经发生了不同程度的变化。首先,温度带的界线变化在东部较明显,特别是长江中下游地区北亚热带和中亚热带之间温度带界线北移较明显;其次,干湿区的界线出现了变动,在第二级地形阶梯的北部半干旱与干旱区的界线有稍微西移,青藏高原上半干旱与半湿润区之间的界线则稍有东南移,都反映半干旱区范围稍有扩大;最后,自然区的界线变化在局地差异较大。本文深化了1991—2020年气候变化和生态地理资料更新对生态地理区域边界变化认识,为指导不同区域生态保护修复工作提供宏观的区域框架。

With the increasing global warming over the past three decades,the climatic zones and eco-geographical regions characteristics in China have changed.This study used the climatic data of 641 meteorological stations over the past three decades(1991-2020),as well as the high-precision data of eco-geographical elements to optimize the eco-geographical regions in China.The study updated the map of eco-geographical regionalization in China(2023)and increased the scale to 1:4000000.The new map divided China into 11 temperature zones,22 dry and wet regions,and 50 natural regions.The results show that compared with ecogeographical regionalization in 2007,the overall pattern of eco-geographical regions in China has not changed significantly over the past three decades,but the boundaries of temperature zones,dry and wet regions,and eco-geographical regions(natural regions)in some areas have changed to some extent.Firstly,the boundary change of temperature zones is more obvious in the east.Particularly,in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the northward shift of the temperature zone boundary between the northern subtropical and the mid-subtropical zones is obvious.Secondly,the boundary between dry and wet regions has changed,and that between semi-arid and arid regions in the north of the second-order landform step has shifted slightly to the west.In addition,the boundary between semi-arid and sub-humid regions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has shifted slightly to the southeast,reflecting a slight expansion of the scope of semi-arid regions.Finally,boundary changes in natural regions in some areas vary greatly.This study can provide a macro-regional framework for guiding ecological conservation and restoration in different regions.