The effects of mixed prebiotics in aquaculture:A review

Aquaculture industry contributes significant aquaculture species production to meet fish protein demand from the world.The industry is gearing towards intensification to increase more production in the near future.Various technologies and efforts were introduced into aquaculture industry to bring it up to the next higher level.However,the development of aquaculture industry is hindered by disease constraint.As a result,excessive use of antibiotics and chemicals were applied to reduce or minimize risk of disease outbreak in aquaculture farming activity.Subsequently,aquacultures products and environment were highly exposed to these antibiotics and chemicals.To resolve this issue,fish farmers were encouraged to utilize alternative method in aquaculture species health management.Prebiotics has become a new approach in aquaculture industry to maintain aquaculture species health and a good environment at the same time produce chemical and antibiotic-free aquaculture product.In this review paper,we summarize and discuss the effects of prebiotic mixtures administration on growth performance,immune response,disease resistance,and tolerance against abiotic stressors of aquatic animals.