论明代医家传记的文体特征

Stylistic Characteristics of Biographies of Medical Professionals in the Ming Dynasty

明代医家传记的文体特征与其书写目的直接相关:以存史为目的的医家传记,沿袭了《史记》的行文传统;因人情赠答而促生的医家传记,其写法则类似赠序,呈现出文体互渗的现象。两种传记在行文上均做到了细节充实饱满,以写实取信于世。其不足之处则在于事件的罗列呈现出简单堆砌的特征,缺乏精心安排。明代医家传记的书写对象基本涵盖了当时社会各阶层从医人员,其中对太医的记述注重突出其宫廷经历,尤其是随侍君主的事迹。整体来看,明代医家传记内容既突出传主高超的专业技术水准,又强调传主勤谨宽厚的品德修养,显示出该时期以儒家价值观为主导的立传思想。

The stylistic characteristics of biographies of medical professionals in the Ming Dynasty are directly related to the purpose for which they were written.The biographies of medical professionals aimed at preserving history follow the writing tradition of the Records of the Grand Historian,while those biographies of medical professionals presenting each other with gifts have a writing style similar to Zengxu(essays for a parting friend),showing a phenomenon of mutual infiltration of literary styles.Both are full of details in writing,winning the trust of people by realism.Their deficiencies lie in the simple stacking of events and the lack of careful arrangement.The biographies of medical professionals in the Ming Dynasty basically covered medical personnel from various social classes at that time,and the description of the imperial doctors emphasized their court experience,especially the deeds of serving the monarch.The content of these biographies pays attention not only to the protagonist’s superb professional and technical level,but also to the protagonist’s generous moral cultivation,which reflects the Confucian values dominated biographical thinking during that period.