促进农民持续增收:主要瓶颈、实现路径与政策优化

Promoting Sustained Income Growth for Farmers:Main Bottlenecks,Implementation Paths,and Policy Optimization

自党的十八大以来,一系列强农惠农富农的利好举措促使农民收入持续增长。进一步促进农民持续增收,仍然是当前“三农”问题研究的焦点话题,需要充分认识农民收入增长的特征和趋势并分析促进农民持续增收的主要瓶颈,提出促进农民增收的实现路径和政策优化。近年来,农民收入持续增长,但增速放缓;农民收入总体增速较快,但低收入家庭增速较慢;城乡收入差距缩小,但收入差距绝对量大;农民收入增速高于国内生产总值增速,但地区发展不平衡。农民持续增收仍存在农民务工增长乏力、农业生产经营效益不高、农业专业化产业化程度偏低、农业生产性配套服务不足等主要瓶颈。基于此,促进农民持续增收,应保障农民稳定务工就业、优化要素配置提升农业经营收益、提升农业专业化产业化水平、推动农业生产性配套服务升级,并进一步优化农民创业就业政策、乡村产业发展政策、农业支持保护政策、农村土地改革政策。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,a series of favorable measures to strengthen and benefit farmers have led to sustained growth in their income.Further promoting sustained income growth for farmers remains a focal topic in current research on the“three rural issues”.It is necessary to fully understand the characteristics and trends of income growth for farmers,analyze the main bottlenecks in promoting sustained income growth for farmers,and propose implementation paths and policy optimization to promote income growth for farmers.Research has found that farmers’income continues to grow,but the growth rate slows down;The overall growth rate of farmers’income is relatively fast,but the growth rate of low-income families is slower;The income gap between urban and rural areas has narrowed,but the absolute amount of income gap is large;The growth rate of farmers’income is higher than that of GDP,but regional development is uneven.The sustained increase in income of farmers still faces major bottlenecks such as weak growth in rural labor,low efficiency in agricultural production and operation,low level of agricultural specialization and industrialization,and insufficient agricultural productive supporting services.Based on this,in order to promote sustained income growth for farmers,we should ensure stable employment for farmers,optimize factor allocation to improve agricultural operating income,enhance the level of agricultural specialization and industrialization,promote the upgrading of agricultural productive supporting services,and further optimize policies for farmer entrepreneurship and employment,rural industrial development,agricultural support and protection,and rural land reform.