印文誊录与汉代地方行政:基于简牍公文书的讨论

Copying Seals and Local Administration in Han Dynasty:A Discussion Based on Official Documents on Wooden and Bamboo Slips

汉代简牍文书誊录了一些印文内容,在文书作业的不同环节,各有特色。文书传行环节多数照实抄录,但有时简写印文或简述印文,比如机构和官称的省写,也有对印章责任人所做的描述性誊录,这些都以能准确辨识发文者为原则。西北地区简牍的收文记录则几乎完全照录印文,而长沙东汉简牍中的收文记录则由发文者事先写就,比印文内容更翔实。传的印文也会被关吏忠实记录下来。汉代公文书印文誊录,反映了地方行政事务责任落实到人,秉承灵活务实原则,其流程不断优化,更加简洁、高效等特征。

The wooden and bamboo slips of Han Dynasty copied some seal content,each with its own characteristics in different stages of document formation.In the process of document transmission,most of them were copied truthfully,but there were some abbreviated and briefly described seals,such as the omissions of institutions or official names and the descriptive transcripts of the responsible person for the seal.These all followed the principle of accurately identifying the document issuer.The receiving documents records on wooden and bamboo slips in the northwest region were almost entirely the same as those on seals.The receiving documents records in the Eastern Han Dynasty bamboo slips in Changsha were written by the document issuers in advance,which was more comprehensive than the seals.The seals of passport were also be faithfully recorded by the pass officials.The copying seals of official documents in the Han Dynasty reflected the implementation of local administrative responsibilities to individuals;taking the principle of flexibility and pragmatism;The process of administration was continuously optimized and presented the attributes of more simplicity and efficiency.