空间用多层绝热材料性能测试及优化布置改进分析

Performance Testing and Optimization Layout Improvement Analysis of Multi-layer Insulation Materials for Space

多层隔热材料在空间高真空环境下具有优良的绝热性能,随着空间技术的发展,对液氢温区多层绝热材料提出了更高的绝热性能和阻燃等特殊要求。基于层与层计算方法建立了多层绝热材料热流密度的计算模型,选取40层、60层和70层三种常用层数绝热材料对其热流密度进行了测试与计算,分析了层密度、冷热边界条件等对多层绝热材料热流密度的影响。最后通过遗传算法分析了多层绝热材料的布置方式对绝热性能的影响,获得了液氢温区绝热材料优化布置方式,与等密度多层绝热材料布置方式相比,热流密度降低10.63%。

Multi-layer insulation materials have strong insulation performance in high vacuum environments.With the development of space technology,special requirements have been put forward for the insulation performance of multi-layer insulation materials applied in the liquid hydrogen temperature range,such as higher insulation performance and flame retardancy.A calculation model for the heat flux of multi-layer insulation materials is established based on the layer by layer calculation method.Three commonly used layers of insulation materials,namely 40 layers,60 layers,and 70 layers,are selected for testing and calculating their heat flux.The effects of layer density,cold and hot boundary conditions on the heat flux of multi-layer insulation materials are analyzed.Finally,the impact of the arrangement of multi-layer insulation materials on insulation performance is analyzed through genetic algorithm,and an optimized arrangement method for insulation materials in the liquid hydrogen temperature range is obtained.This arrangement method can reduce the heat flux by 10.63%compared to the equal density multi-layer insulation material arrangement method.