深圳市儿童安全座椅立法前后知晓及使用变化趋势分析

Trend Analysis of Awareness and Usage Rate of Child Safety Seats in Shenzhen City,China before and after Legislation

目的掌握2015年深圳市儿童安全座椅立法前后7年间南山区儿童家长对儿童乘车安全的知晓情况、儿童安全座椅家庭配备使用情况以及变化趋势,为儿童乘车安全宣传科普教育工作和国家强制使用儿童安全座椅法规制定提供依据。方法采用简单随机抽样方法,于2014、2016、2018、2021年分别在南山区抽取8家幼儿园共计7898名至少拥有1辆小轿车的3~6岁儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果2014—2021年家长对儿童乘车安全知识的总体知晓率、家庭儿童安全座椅拥有和使用率均呈上升趋势(P值均小于0.001)。儿童父亲、较高家长文化程度、较高月总收入家庭的知晓率较高(P值均小于0.001)。家长的文化程度和收入越高,儿童安全座椅的拥有率和使用率就越高(P值均小于0.001)。结论立法后家长对儿童乘车安全总体认知有了较大提升,但仍对个别知识存在误区,建议针对性地加大科普教育力度。“拥有”不等于“使用”,提倡政府采取立法等措施来避免“儿童安全座椅拥有率逐年走高,但使用率却始终低于拥有率”的问题。

Objective To investigate the awareness of parents in the Nanshan District before and after the legislation of child safety seats in Shenzhen city in 2015,to understand the child safety seats usage by families and the trend of change,to provide a basis for the publicity and education of Child passenger safety,and to support the legislation of national mandatory use of child safety seats.Methods A total of 7898 parents of 3 to 6-years-old children who own at least one small car were selected from eight kindergartens in the Nanshan District in 2014,2016,2018,and 2021 using a simple random sampling method.Results Overall parental awareness related to child passenger safety,and child safety seat ownership and usage were trending upward from 2014—2021(P<0.001).Significant associations were identified for higher rates of awareness among fathers of children,higher parental literacy,higher gross monthly income households(P<0.001).,In addition,higher levels of parental literacy and income were associated with higher rates of child safety seat ownership and usage(r<0.001).Conclusions Parentsoverall awareness of child passenger safety has been greatly enhanced after the legislation,but there were still misconceptions about individuals’awareness,and it is recommended that targeted efforts be made to increase educational publicity."Ownership"is not the same as"usage",advocating the government to take legislative measures to avoid"child safety seat ownership rate year after year,but the usage rate is always lower than the ownership rate".