黄河流域环境污染与人群健康效应研究进展

Research progress on environmental pollution and population health effects in the Yellow River Basin

黄河国家战略是习近平生态文明思想的重要内容。黄河流域存在环境污染问题,对人体健康产生了长远影响。为深入了解黄河流域环境污染与人群健康效应,本文归纳了黄河流域大气污染、水污染、土壤污染的特征及人体健康损害。黄河流域大气颗粒物污染依然不容乐观,臭氧、二氧化氮污染逐渐突出;水中氟、碘和重金属等除了引起生物地球化学性疾病外,还与多种慢性病相关;土壤重金属和持久性有机污染物污染较重,还存在全氟辛酸等污染。建议未来进行跨区域研究,以及大气污染物与其他环境因素的联合暴露研究;还要深入探讨水污染物致慢性病的潜在发病机制;并加强对土壤污染物的动态监测,开展健康风险评估。

The National Strategy on the Yellow River is an important part of Xi Jinping's Ecological Civilization Thought.Environmental pollution in the Yellow River Basin has a long-term impact on human health.In order to have an in-depth understanding of the effects of environmental pollution on population health in the Yellow River Basin,this review summarized the characteristics of air pollution,water pollution,and soil pollution in the Yellow River Basin,as well as associated human health damage.The atmospheric particulate pollution in the Yellow River Basin is still not optimistic,and ozone pollution and nitrogen dioxide pollution are gradually prominent.Fluoride,iodine,and heavy metals in water are related to various chronic diseases in addition to causing biogeochemical diseases.The soil in the Yellow River Basin is heavily polluted with heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants,and there are also other pollutants such as perfluorooctanoic acid.It is necessary to carry out cross-regional studies and joint exposure studies of air pollutants and other environmental factors,explore in depth the potential pathogenesis of chronic diseases caused by water pollutants,strengthen the dynamic monitoring of these pollutants in soil,and carry out health risk assessment in the future.