云县彝语西山土语“a-”前缀的语法功能

Grammatical Functions of the Prefix“a-”in Xishan dialect of Yi Language

云南省临沧市云县彝语西山土语(以罗罗语为例)词缀一般可分前缀、中缀和后缀。西山土语“a-”前缀可以附加在单音节、双音节和三音节名词之前构成名词前缀;附加在单音节动词之前构成否定前缀;附加在单音节、双音节形容词之前构成否定前缀,附加在单音节叠词之前构成形容词“级”的前缀。“a-”前缀在西山土语中的适用范围比较广泛,可用于名词、否定动词、形容词、时间副词、疑问代词和叹词中,具有构词、构形和韵律的功能,表达了丰富的语法范畴。

The Xishan dialect of Yi Language in Yunxian(take luo luo dialect for example)can be gen⁃erally divided into prefix,infix and suffix.The Xishan dialect“a-”prefix can be attached to form a noun prefix before the monosyllabic,disyllable,and trisyllable nouns;a negative prefix before a mono⁃syllabic verb;a negative prefix before a monosyllabic and disyllabic adjectives,and the adjective“lev⁃el”before a monosyllabic refrain.The prefix“a-”is widely used in the Xishan dialect,and can be used in nouns,negative verbs,adjectives,time adverbs,question pronouns and sigh pronouns.It has the func⁃tions of word formation and rhythm,and expresses rich grammatical categories.