强风沙环境下高速列车车体冲蚀特性研究

Study on the Erosion Characteristics of High-Speed Train Bodies under Strong Sandy Environment

为研究高速列车在不同车速下受到强风沙的冲蚀效应,基于欧拉-拉格朗日体系,利用DPM模型将风和空气设为连续相,将沙子颗粒设为离散相,对不同车速、沙粒粒径和风速下的高速列车的冲蚀效应进行了数值模拟。结果表明:随着列车车速的增加,冲蚀率开始的增速较缓,后来急剧增加;随着颗粒直径的增加,冲蚀率开始时增长较快,后面增长较为平缓。随着风速的增加,列车的冲蚀率开始时增长较缓慢,同时随车速的增大,列车的冲蚀率也逐渐增大。为研究高速列车车体处实际的冲蚀效应,在忽略涂层的情况下,采用冲蚀磨损实验机与数值模拟结合的方法,研究颗粒形状与质量流量对冲蚀效应的影响。结果表明:当颗粒形状因子增加时,车体的侵蚀率下降,而决定车体的冲蚀磨损主要是微切削磨损,当质量流速增加时,磨损率先增加后下降。

To study the erosion effect of high-speed trains in strong wind and sand at different vehicle speeds,the DPM model was used to set wind and air as the continuous phases and the sand particles as discrete phases based on the Euler-Lagrange system,the erosion effect of high-speed trains with different vehicle speeds,sand particle sizes and wind speeds was simulated numerically.The re⁃sults show that the erosion rate increases slowly at the beginning and then increases sharply as the train speed increases;as the particle diameter increases,the erosion rate increases faster at the beginning and then increases more slowly;as the wind speed increases,the erosion rate of the train starts to grow more slowly,while at the same time,the erosion rate of the train gradually increases with the in⁃crease of train speed.In order to study the actual erosion effect of train bodies at high-speed,in the case of ignoring the coating,the effect of particle shape and mass flow rate on the erosion effect was investigated combining erosion wear testing machines with numerical simulations.The results show that the erosion rate of the body decreases with the increase of particle shape factor,while the erosion wear of the body is determined mainly by micro-cutting wear,which increases first and then decreases when the mass flow rate increases.