等带宽间作模式下不同玉米花生行比对花生光合特性和系统产量的影响

Effects of Different Row Ratios of Maize and Peanut on Photosynthetic Characteristics and System Yield of Peanut Under Equal Band Intercropping Mode

【目的】明确相同带宽条件下不同玉米花生种植行比对花生光合特性和系统产量的影响,为构建适宜行比的玉米花生带状间作模式提供理论参考和技术支持。【方法】以玉米花生带状间作系统为对象,设置玉米单作,花生单作,玉米花生间作(3.6 m的总带宽,行比分别为2∶6、4∶4、6∶2),研究不同行比对间作花生干物质积累、叶面积指数、叶片光合参数、产量构成和玉米花生系统产量的影响。【结果】3种间作模式的干物质量和叶面积指数均小于单作,其中2∶6种植模式在花生生育后期的叶面积指数较4∶4和6∶2分别提高30.07%和44.19%,等带宽间作体系下相对较少的玉米行比可以增加间作花生的叶绿素含量和光合速率,保持花生叶片较高的光合能力,从而获得产量优势。间作显著降低了玉米的穗数、穗粒数和百粒重以及花生的单株饱果数和百果重,系统产量以2行玉米6行花生的种植模式最高,为13749.9 kg/hm^(2),3种间作模式的土地当量比均大于1,且综合产量均显著高于单作玉米和单作花生。【结论】在玉米花生等带宽间作模式下,花生行比的增加缓解了玉米的荫蔽效应,改善了花生的光合能力,同时提高土地利用率,实现稳粮增油、均衡生产。

【Objective】This study is to clarify the impact of different row ratios of maize and peanut planting on peanut photosynthetic characteristics and system yield under the same bandwidth conditions aiming at providing theoretical reference and technical support for constructing a suitable row ratio of maize and peanut strip intercropping model.【Method】Taking the maize and peanut intercropping system as the object,maize monoculture,peanut monoculture,and maize and peanut intercropping(with a total bandwidth of 3.6 meters and row ratios of 2∶6,4∶4,and 6∶2,respectively)were set up to study the effects of different row ratios on dry matter accumulation,leaf area index,leaf photosynthetic parameters,yield composition,and maize and peanut system yield.【Result】The dry matter quality and leaf area index of the three intercropping modes were all lower than those of single cropping.Among them,the leaf area index of the 2∶6 planting mode increased by 30.07%and 44.19%in the later stage of peanut growth compared to 4∶4 and 6∶2,respectively.Under the equal bandwidth intercropping system,a relatively less row ratio of maize can increase the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of intercropping peanut,maintain high photosynthetic capacity of peanut leaves,and thus shows yield advantages.Intercropping significantly reduced panicle number,grain number per ear,and 100-grain weight of maize,as well as full pod number per plant and 100-pod weight of peanuts.The system yield was highest in the planting mode of 2 rows of maize and 6 rows of peanuts and reached 13749.9 kg/hm^(2).The land equivalent ratio of the three intercropping modes was greater than 1,and the comprehensive yield was significantly higher than that of monoculture maize and peanut.【Conclusion】In the intercropping mode of maize and peanut with equal bandwidth,the increase in peanut row ratio alleviates the shading effect of maize,improves the photosynthetic capacity of peanuts,and improves land use efficiency,finally achieving stable grain and oil production,and balanced production.