“双碳”目标下天然气分布式能源发展现状及机遇

Development status and opportunities of natural gas distributed energy resource under the goal of "dual carbon"

为实现碳达峰碳中和(以下简称“双碳”)目标,必须建设清洁低碳、安全高效的新型能源体系。天然气分布式能源具有相对清洁高效、综合能源利用效率高、输出能源类型多等优点,是我国实现“双碳”目标的重要发展路径之一。为此,剖析了我国天然气分布式能源存在的问题和发展机遇,进而对天然气分布式能源项目的发展提出了建议。研究结果表明:(1)中国天然气分布式能源整体发展相对较慢,且不同地区之间发展速度也存在差异,现有项目主要集中在经济较发达的京津冀鲁、长三角、珠三角以及天然气资源丰富的川渝等地区;(2)中国天然气分布式能源发展面临的主要问题包括前期投入成本较高、电网企业与项目用户端存在利益冲突使得项目上网困难、项目用户端对能源消纳程度的不确定性影响其投资回报等;(3)随着政策普及、技术发展、碳交易市场完善及经济性的提高,天然气分布式能源项目发展有望进入快速发展期。结论认为,在“双碳”目标引领下,中国天然气分布式能源产业正处于重要的战略机遇期,建议从政策支持、调峰需求、碳排放收益以及技术突破4个方面加强研究;天然气分布式能源的高质量推进对我国构建清洁低碳、安全高效的新型能源体系,助力实现“双碳”目标具有重要的现实意义。

A clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient new energy system is highly demanded for achieving the "carbon peak and carbon neutrality"( "dual carbon") goals.Natural gas distributed energy resource(NGDER),a relatively clean and efficient energy resource with high integrated utilization efficiency and multiple derivative types,is one of the crucial solutions to the "dual carbon" goals.The challenges and opportunities for NGDERs are dissected,and some suggestions are put forward for the future development of NGDER in China.The results show that,in China,NGDERs as a whole develop slowly,and at different rates among regions.The existing NGDER projects are concentrated in economically developed regions(e.g.Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong,Yangtze River Delta,and Pearl River Delta),and Sichuan and Chongqing Regions rich in natural gas resources.The development of NGDER in China is mainly challenged by high initial investment,difficult access to the power grid due to interest conflicts between power grid enterprises and users,and indeterminate return on investment in the projects resulting from the uncertainties in users' energy affordability.Along with the policy promotion,technical advancement,carbon trade market perfection,and energy economy improvement,a rapid development of NGDER can be expected.Under "dual carbon" goals,China's NGDER sector is in a period of important strategic opportunities.Therefore,it is suggested to devote more efforts to NGDER in terms of policy support,peak-shaving demand,carbon revenue,and technical breakthrough.High-quality development of NGDER is of practical significance for China to build a clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient energy system,so as to realize the "dual carbon" goals.