NASA技术转移中的知识产权管理及对公共研究机构的启示

IP Management in NASA Technology Transfer and Its Implications for Public Research Organizations

聚焦公共研究机构的知识产权管理问题,以美国国家航空航天局(NASA)为研究对象,对其成熟的技术转移体系背后的国家法律支持以及知识产权管理政策和规范进行分析,重点关注其机构知识产权所有权归属、技术转移机制/流程和内部技术转移机构设置、角色和职责设计、技术许可商业化流程及技术转移的收益分配和奖励。公共研究机构可以从NASA成功的经验中获得如下启示:在遵循国家法律政策的基础上,完善知识产权所有权归属和使用权的相关规定,探索新的举措;建立更规范且操作性强的技术转移业务流程,针对技术批露、知识产权申请预评估与申请决策、技术商业化决策等管理关键环节构建有效管理机制;从业务流程出发建立更清晰的部门和岗位职责设置,重视专业人才队伍培养和引进;从建立知识产权管理平台、完善利益分配和奖励制度等角度构建科学的知识产权管理政策体系,以促进技术转移活动的开展。

Focusing on the intellectual property management of public research organizations,this paper analyzes the national legal support behind NASA’s mature technology transfer system and its policies and specifications for intellectual property management,including ownership of intellectual property,the mechanism of the technology transfer process,the technology transfer management organization and the roles and responsibilities of the organization,the technology licensing commercialization process,and the revenue and reward distribution.Public research organizations can draw inspiration from NASA’s successful experience as follows:Based on following the national laws and policies,public research organizations should improve the relevant regulations on the ownership and use of intellectual property rights and explore new measures.Establish a more standardized and operational business process of technology transfer,and set up an effective management mechanism for the key links of management,such as technology disclosure,pre-evaluation and decision-making of intellectual property application,technology commercialization decision-making,etc.Set up more explicit departmental and post responsibilities according to the business process,and attach importance to the training and introduction of professionals.Furthermore,construct a scientific intellectual property management policy system from the perspectives of establishing an intellectual property management platform and improving benefit distribution and reward systems to promote the development of technology transfer activities.