路径事件框架视阈下的注意力视窗开启——基于语料库的“来”和“come”汉英对比研究

The Windowing of Attention in Path Event Frame:A Contrastive Study of “来” and “come” Between Chinese and English

路径事件框架表征物体运动路径整体,其间涉及注意力视窗开启模式的不同。运用语料库,统计“来”和“come”作为位移动词的路径类别和视窗开启模式并进行对比分析,研究发现:其一,“来”和“come”表征路径类别时分为开放式路径、封闭式路径和虚构式路径三种,其中均以开放式路径为主,其次是封闭式路径,虚构式路径最少。其二,“来”和“come”中注意力视窗开启模式均以开启末端窗为主,说明汉英两种语言均侧重凸显位移终点。其三,“来”和“come”作为位移动词,在表征路径事件和视窗开启模式时均蕴含隐喻、转喻和隐转喻的认知动因。运用语料库方法对比研究汉英位移动词,是对内省法的补充和发展,有利于揭示汉英位移动词在表征路径类别和视窗开启模式的共性和差异,印证路径事件中路径类别和注意力视窗理论的跨语言普遍性。

Path event frame represents the entirety of a path of motion and involves different patterns of path windowing.Based on corpus statistics,the paper focuses on the basic motion verb“来”in Chinese and“come”in English and then analyzes and compares their categories of path and patterns of path windowing.It is found that:(1)There are three categories of path with respect to“来”and“come”respectively,among both of which open path is dominant,followed by closed path,and fictive path is the least.(2)both“来”and“come”mainly windows final parts in patterns of path windowing,which shows that both Chinese and English tend to profile the endpoint of motion;(3)There exists cognitive motivations of metaphor,metonymy and metaphtonymy when“来”and“come”,as motion verbs,represent path event frame and foreground certain patterns of path windowing.The corpus method utilized here is complementary to the method of introspection,which will help to reveal similarities and differences between Chinese and English in motion verb's representation of path categories and the patterns of path windowing and further help to confirm the cross-linguistic universality of path categories and the patterns of windowing in path event frame.