非编码小RNA在口腔黏膜下纤维性变中的研究进展

Research progress on non⁃coding small RNA in oral submucosal fibrosis

口腔黏膜下纤维性变(oral submucous fibrosis,OSF)是口腔黏膜最常见的癌前病变之一,其发病机制至今尚未完全阐明。非编码小RNA(small non-coding RNAs,SncRNAs)是一类不编码蛋白质的RNA分子,已被广泛报道参与多种人类疾病的调控。越来越多的研究表明多种SncRNAs在OSF发病过程中发挥重要作用。现有研究表明,微RNA(microRNAs,miRNAs)通过调控相关转录因子和基因表达或上皮间充质转化来调控成纤维细胞(fbroblasts,FB)活化而参与OSF疾病进展;长非编码RNA(long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs)通过调控转化生长因子-β/母体抗瘫抑制因子(transforming growth factor-β/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic,TGF-β/Smad)信号通路或与miRNA相互作用参与OSF的发生发展;环状RNA(circular RNAs,circRNAs)通过与miRNA相互作用在OSF中发挥作用;tRNA衍生的小RNA(tRNA-derived small RNAs,tsRNAs)参与多种纤维化疾病的进展,但其在OSF中的具体作用机制仍需进一步探索。未来仍需重点关注SncRNAs介导OSF进展的作用靶点,探究其对OSF的作用功能及分子机制,以期为诊断和治疗OSF提供新思路。

Oral submucous fibrosis(OSF)is one of the most common precancerous lesions of the oral mucosa,and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated.Small noncoding RNAs(SncRNAs),a class of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins,have been widely reported to be involved in the regulation of a variety of human diseases.An increas-ing number of studies have shown that a variety of SncRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of OSF.Current studies have shown that microRNAs(miRNAs)are involved in OSF disease progression by regulating the expression of related transcription factors and genes or epithelial mesenchymal transformation to regulate the activation of fibroblasts(FBs).Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)that transform growth factor-β/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic(TGF-β/Smad)signaling pathways or interact with miRNAs are involved in the development of OSF.Circular RNAs(cir-cRNAs)play a role in OSF by interacting with miRNAs.tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)are involved in the pro-gression of various fibrotic diseases,but their specific mechanism of action in OSF still needs to be further explored.In the future,it is still necessary to focus on the targets of SncRNAs mediating OSF progression and explore their function and molecular mechanism in OSF to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of OSF.