儿童国家认同:国外研究的知识谱系与启示

Children’s National Identity:Knowledge Genealogy and Enlightenment of Foreign Research

文章系统梳理并分析了国外学界有关儿童国家认同研究的四种理论取向。其中,精神分析取向侧重潜意识的讨论,认为儿童的国家认同源自俄狄浦斯情结的本能反应;认知发展取向将儿童的国家认同看成认知能力推动的结果,试图给出儿童国家认同观念发展的客观标准;政治社会化取向注意到了外在环境的力量,主要关注家庭、学校、大众传媒以及同辈群体等对儿童国家认同的形塑机制;新儿童社会学取向肯定了儿童的行动能力,重点考察儿童在构建国家认同观念过程中的具身化体验与实践。四种理论取向之间,既相互挑战又彼此补充,为我们深入了解儿童国家认同提供了丰富的理论支撑。以此为参照,文章最后为国内相关研究提出了若干借鉴和启示。

This paper systematically sorts out and analyzes the four theoretical orientations of foreign academic research on children’s national identity.Among them,the psychoanalysis orientation focuses on the discussion of the subconscious,and holds that children’s national identity originates from the instinctive response of the Oedipus complex.Cognition development orientation regards children’s national identity as the result of cognitive ability promotion,and attempts to give an objective standard for children’s national identity concept development.The orientation of political socialization pays attention to the power of the external environment,mainly focusing on the molding mechanism of children’s national identity by family,school,mass media,and peer groups.The orientation of the new sociology of childhood affirms children’s action ability,and places emphasis on children’s embodied experience and practice in the process of constructing the concept of national identity.The four theoretical orientations challenge and complement each other,providing rich theoretical support for us to deeply understand children’s national identity.Based on this,this paper finally puts forward some references and enlightenment for domestic related research.