马克思与罗尔斯的“融合”为何不可能——以反思布鲁德尼对马克思政治哲学的阐释为线索

Why is the“Fusion”of Marx and Rawls Impossible——A Reflection on Brudney's Interpretation of Marx's Political Philosophy as a Clue

从21世纪开始,西方学界出现一股融合马克思与罗尔斯的潮流。作为罗尔斯的后学,布鲁德尼在承继政治建构主义的基础上,尝试从人的观念来融合马克思与罗尔斯的政治哲学。其“融合”方案以政治建构主义为基础,将其所阐发的罗尔斯政治建构主义的显著特征,即正义环境、人的观念与反思平衡纳入马克思的政治哲学。从历史唯物主义及其本体论变革的意义上看,这种“融合”是不成功的,至少存在以下局限:“正义环境”不是人类永恒的事实而是特定历史的产物,是历史性生成的结果;作为建构前提的“人的观念”缺乏相应的社会现实和历史性;“反思平衡”依赖于“合理而又合乎情理的人”而非“感性活动的人”。

Since the 21st century,there is a trend of fusion between Marx and Rawls in Western academia.As Rawls' s post-student,Brudney attemps to integrate the political philosophies of Marx and Rawls from the concept of mankind on the basis of inheriting the political constructivism.His “fusion” program is based on political constructivism,thus incorporating the prominent features of Rawls' s political constructivism,namely,the environment of justice,the concept of human and reflective equilibrium into Marx's political philosophy.From the perspective of historical materialism and its ontological significance,this kind of “fusion” is not successful.At least,there are the following limits:“justice environment” is not the eternal fact of human but the product of specific history,the result of historical generation;The “conception of human” as a constructive premise lacks the corresponding social reality and historicity;The “reflective equilibrium” relies on the “rational and reasonable human” rather than on the “emotionally active human”.