伦理·生计·国家:“家户主义”的多维透视

Ethics,Livelihood,and State:A Multidimensional Analysis of Familyism

“家户主义”是对传统中国政治社会特性的概念提炼,表现为社会成员所秉持的以家户为本位的社会经济关系和观念意识,以及以此为基础形塑的政治社会结构。“家户主义”概念具有描述性、复合性、本体性及历史性,其来源于本源型的家户制传统,并内含三个基本的认识维度。一是以伦理为中心的“家户主义”,以血缘关系为纽带,构建的是血缘共同体。二是以生计为中心的“家户主义”,以经济关系为纽带,构建的是生活共同体。三是以国家为中心的“家户主义”,以政治关系为纽带,构建的是政治共同体。其中,伦理“家户主义”和经济“家户主义”奠定了国家“家户主义”的社会根基,国家“家户主义”则不断强化和巩固了伦理“家户主义”和经济“家户主义”的社会经济条件。与西方国家与社会的二元对立不同,“家户主义”基础上的中国国家与社会关系并非对立关系,而是彼此融合的同源共生关系,并对当代中国政治产生持久影响。

Familyism is a conceptual construction of the traditional Chinese political and social characteristics,reflected in the social and economic relationships and conceptual consciousness of familyism oriented social members,as well as the political and social structure formed on this basis.The concept of familyism is descriptive,ontological,and historical,originating from the original Household system tradition and containing three basic cognitive dimensions.One is the ethical centered familyism,which is linked by blood relationships and constructs a blood community.The second is the familyism,centered on livelihood,which constructs a community of living through economic relations as a link.The third is the familyism,centered around the state,with political relations as the link,constructing a political community.Among them,ethical and economic familyism laid the social foundation of state familyism,while state familyism continuously strengthened and consolidated the social and economic conditions of ethical and economic familyism.Different from the Binary opposition between western countries and society,the relationship between China's state and society based on familyism is not an antagonistic relationship,but a symbiotic relationship of mutual fusion,which has an important impact on contemporary Chinese politics.