共同富裕视域下的城乡收入差距缩减再审视

Re-examining the Urban-Rural Income Gap in the Perspective of Common Prosperity

城乡关系转变对我国共同富裕目标实现具有重要作用。本文强调,新征程上,我国正在扎实推进共同富裕事业,且经济发展实践已经呈现出若干新特征,这使得城乡收入差距缩减问题需要再审视。理解我国城乡收入差距程度不能仅从差距相对数出发,而应关注差距在多个维度的表现,特别是应将差距缩减的重心从相对数下降转为绝对数下降。当前我国农村居民具有人力资本、土地权益资本、生态资本、文化资本,但其资本-收入的转化程度受到制约,这是城乡收入差距形成的主要原因,理解城乡收入差距成因应从收入流量转向资本-收入转化这样的本源因素。基于此,缩减城乡收入差距的主线是依靠制度完善来扩展农民资本再配置的选择权,这样才能在城乡融合发展进程中更好地推进我国的共同富裕事业。

The transformation of urban-rural relations plays a crucial role in achieving common prosperity in China.This article emphasizes that as China embarks on a new journey to solidly promote the cause of com⁃mon prosperity,the issue of reducing the urban-rural income gap needs to be re-examined,given the emer⁃gence of various new features in economic development.Understanding the extent of the urban-rural income gap in China should not be based solely on relative differences,but focus on its manifestations across multiple dimensions.In particular,the focus of reducing the gap should shift from relative numerical decline to absolute numerical decline.Currently,China’s rural residents have human capital,land equity capital,ecological capi⁃tal and cultural capital,but the degree of capital-income transformation is constrained,which is the main rea⁃son for the formation of the urban-rural income gap,and the understanding of the causes of the urban-rural income gap should be shifted from the flow of income to the capital-income transformation of such an original factor.Based on this,the key to reducing the urban-rural income gap lies not merely in emphasizing govern⁃ment financial resources,but in continuously expanding the choice of capital re-allocation for farmers through institutional improvement.Only in this way can China better promote the cause of common prosperity in the process of urban-rural integration and development.