中国式现代化视域下农村土地制度的优势、困境与改革方略

Advantages,Dilemmas and Reform Strategies of the Rural Land System from the Perspective of Chinese-style Modernization

农村土地制度是国家的基础性制度,其变革关系到资源配置、百姓福祉和社会稳定,中国式现代化的发展离不开农村土地制度的支持与保障。回顾中国式现代化发展历程,农村土地制度这一根本性、基础性生产关系的变革与调适,对不同阶段主要发展任务的完成起到了至关重要的作用。在中国式现代化视域下农村土地制度具有五大独特优势,分别是能够在人口规模巨大条件下保障我国的粮食安全和社会稳定,能够以释放土地财产收益为抓手夯实全体农民共同富裕的物质基础,能够以赓续农耕文明、改善乡村公共文化服务为载体支持农村精神文明建设,能够以退耕还林还草还湖工程、发展生态农业、防治耕地污染、农村人居环境整治为路径促进人与自然和谐共生,能够以支撑内生型发展模式为手段保证我国走和平发展道路。面对当前农村土地制度的发展困境,需要进一步深化农村土地制度改革,着力加强农村土地的粮食安全保障、财产性收益提升、精神文明和生态文明建设、社会秩序稳定功能。

The rural land system is the fundamental system of a country,and its reform is closely related to resource allocation,people’s well-being and social stability.The development of Chinese-style modernization cannot be separated from the support and guarantee of the rural land system.Looking back on the development process of Chinese-style modernization,the reform and adjustment of the rural land system,which is a funda-mental and basic relationship of production,have played a crucial role in the completion of major development tasks at different stages.From the perspective of Chinese-style modernization,the rural land system possesses five unique advantages.Firstly,it ensures food security and social stability in the face of a massive population.Secondly,it serves as a foundation for achieving shared prosperity among all farmers by releasing the potential of land property income.Thirdly,it supports the development of rural spiritual civilization by preserving agri-cultural traditions and enhancing rural public cultural services.Fourthly,it promotes the harmonious coexis-tence between humans and nature by implementing the projects of returning farmland to forest,grassland and lake,developing ecological agriculture,preventing and controlling land pollution,and improving the rural liv-ing environment.Lastly,it guarantees China’s pursuit of peaceful development through the support of an endogenous development model.In the face of the current development dilemma of the rural land system,it is necessary to deepen its reform and strengthen its functions in ensuring food security,increasing property income,building spiritual and ecological civilization,and stabilizing social order.