列宁“政治遗嘱”的理论逻辑及方法论意义

The Theoretical Logic and Methodological Significance of Lenin’s“Political Will”

关于列宁晚年“政治遗嘱”的研究目前学界存在诸多争议。对“政治遗嘱”进行文献学考察,有利于揭示其各文本之间的内在联系。“政治遗嘱”的思想包含两个相互交错、互相联系的层次,即文本的理论逻辑和方法论特征。文本的理论逻辑包含三个维度:从世界历史发展规律的高度阐述俄国社会主义革命和建设的必然性;从社会主义运动史的角度提出新社会主义观,包括其工作重心和主要任务;从系统整体角度提出“经济—政治—文化”三位一体的国家建设构想。在方法论层面,“政治遗嘱”体现了“具体问题具体分析、反对教条主义”“全面把握世界历史发展的辩证法“”坚持系统的观念和方法”的原则,具有重要的理论和现实意义。

The study of Lenin’s“political will”in his later years is controversial.A bibliographical survey is conducive to revealing the intrinsic connection between the various texts of the“political will”.The idea of“political will”contains two intertwined and interconnected levels,i.e.,the theoretical logic of the text and the methodological features.The theoretical logic of the text consists of three dimensions.First,the inevitability of the Russian socialist revolution and construction is elaborated from the height of the laws of development of world history;Second,the concept of the new socialism is put forward from the point of view of the history of the socialist movement,including the centre of gravity of its work and its main tasks;Third,the three-pronged approach of the system as a whole,namely,the“economic-political-cultural”approach to nation building is proposed.At the methodological level,the“political will”embodies the principles of“concrete analysis of spe-cific problems and the rejection of dogmatism”,“a comprehensive grasp of the dialectic of the development of world history”and“adherence to the systematic conception and concept”and is of great theoretical and practi-cal significance.