数字权力的理论谱系

A Theoretical Genealogy of Digital Power

权力本质上是一种行动能力和组织能力。从人类社会生产史角度审视,权力并非起源于国家,而是源自具备开展社会生活,实现组织意志和组织技术的社会共同体。从作用机制看,权力不是由实施权力的意愿决定的,而是由实施权力的机制和能力决定的。从新石器时代开始,摆脱“亚人类”状态的人类社会开始建立有组织的生产模式,依靠稳定的空间建构、社会合作、有效支配,建构集体性社会协作和结构性的权力网络。近代国家形成的过程,实际上是权力国家化和合法垄断权力的过程。数字权力基于源代码、算法运行的计算网络、作为算法决策基础的大数据,在数字化决策能力基础上产生的一种全新的权力形态。这种权力形态强化了权力的网络力量,提升了权力的行动力量,濡化了权力的强制力量,造成一种“超越国家”的理论假象。数字权力并未改变权力的国家属性,但拓展了权力的实施空间,造成了国家对数字社会的技术依赖,将从根本上重构国家权力与公民权利的关系。

Power is essentially a capacity for action and organization.From the perspective of the history of human social production,power does not originate from the state,but from the social community which has the ability to carry out social life and realize organization will and organizational technology.In the light of the mechanism of action,power is not determined by the will to implement it,but by the mechanism and capacity to do so.From the Neolithic period onwards,human societies,having escaped from the state of“sub-humanity”,began to establish an organized mode of production,relying on stable spatial construction,social cooperation and effective domination to build collective social collaboration and structural power networks.The process of modern state formation is actually the process of nationalization of power and legal monopoly of power.Digital power is based on source code,computational networks where algorithms operate,big data as the basis for algorithmic decision-making,and a completely new form of power based on digitized decision-making competence.This form of power strengthens the network power of power,enhances the operational power of power,and dilutes the coercive power of power,creating a theoretical illusion of“transcending the state”.Digital power does not change the state attribute of power,but expands the implementation space of power,creates the technological dependence of the state on the digital society,and will fundamentally reconfig-ure the relationship between state power and civil rights.