司汤达综合征:关于伟大艺术之“伟大”

Stendhal Syndrome:On the“Greatness”of Great Art

司汤达综合征,指在欣赏伟大艺术时由于过于激动而惊悸失神的症状。伟大艺术作为“美的艺术”的一部分,强制欣赏者产生狂喜的能力是它最直接的外显特征,这一特征表现为与“崇高”审美类似的“震撼力”。这种“震撼力”有四个来源:其一,来源于伟大艺术所呈现的超乎寻常的“技艺”,指向经历技能、经验磨炼之后,在自由生产中所达到的突破与统一;其二,来源于伟大艺术中所包含的异于日常的、与形而上理念相结合的情感;其三,来源于伟大艺术生产时基于自由意志的想象力的创造性发挥;其四,来源于伟大艺术所传达的伟大的精神价值,这种精神价值将艺术作品与人类永恒的价值信念紧密结合。以上四点共同构成伟大艺术的超越性,是它们使人在对伟大艺术的审美中获得提升,并让理性对伟大艺术产生深深的敬重,而这种“超越性”也最终成为评判伟大艺术的根本尺度。

Stendhal Syndrome refers to a condition in which the appreciation of great art results in a loss of concentration due to over-excitement.As part of the“art of beauty”,the ability of great art to compel the appreciator to produce ecstasy is its most direct outward feature,which is expressed in the“shocking power”similar to the“sublime”aesthetics,and this“shocking power”is similar to the“sublime”aesthetics.This“shock”has four sources:first,from the extraordinary“skill”presented by great art,pointing to the break-through and unity achieved in free production after the refinement of skills and experience;second,from the emotions contained in great art that are alien to the everyday and combined with metaphysical ideas;third,from the creative play of imagination based on free will in the production of great art;and four,from the great spiritual values conveyed by great art,an aesthetic spirit that binds the work of art to the belief in the eternal values of mankind.The above four points together constitute the transcendence of“great art”,which elevate people in its aesthetics and give reason a deep respect for it.Such“transcendence”eventually becomes the fundamental scale for judging“great art”.