职业教育现代化视域下日本型“高专”教育体制探析

Japan's "KOSEN" Education System in the Context of Modernization of Vocational Education

日本是世界上职业教育发达的国家之一,职业教育体系、门类、培养目标、教学模式等均有其独特性,尤其是1962年创立的五年一贯制高等专门学校伴随日本现代化进程,培养了大批具有“工匠精神”的中高级技术技能人才,支撑了日本制造业的发展。“高专”教育体制打通了职业教育、普通教育与高等教育的通道,并通过开设符合时代需要的专业化课程,凭借产教融合、科教融合及国际化办学理念开创了独具特色的日本型职业教育模式。“高专”教育体制在提升人口素质、服务“制造业立国”战略、促进地方经济社会发展以及维护社会公平等方面也发挥了积极作用。日本型“高专”教育体制对于中国职业教育改革、中国式现代化建设具有一定借鉴意义。

Japan is one of the world's leading nations in vocational education,characterized by its unique vocational education system,disciplines,training objectives,and teaching methodologies.Particularly noteworthy is the Five-Year Integrated Higher Specialized Schools( " KOSEN")established in 1962,which,in tandem with Japan's modernization,has nurtured a significant number of skilled mid-to high-level technical professionals imbued with the "craftsman spirit".This has played a pivotal role in supporting the development of Japan's manufacturing industry.The "KOSEN" system has opened up channels for vocational education,general education,and higher education,offering specialized courses that meet the needs of the times.By integrating industry and education,science and education,and incorporating international educational concepts,Japan has developed a distinctive vocational education model.The "KOSEN" education system has played a constructive role in elevating the overall quality of the population,supporting the "Manufacturing-Led Nation" strategy,fostering regional economic and social development,and upholding social equity.The Japanese "KOSEN" education system provides valuable insights into China's vocational education reform and the pursuit of a uniquely Chinese modernization.