外泌体非编码RNA调控骨质疏松症研究进展

Recent advances in the regulation of exosome non-coding RNA in osteoporosis

外泌体是一种细胞间进行通讯的介质,可以和靶细胞融合,将其中包裹的物质转移至靶细胞,并保护其内容物免遭细胞外液酶降解,进而介导细胞间的信息交流。而骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)常伴有骨细胞非编码RNA(noncoding RNA,ncRNA)的表达改变,从而影响骨细胞微环境导致骨质疏松症的发生。在骨细胞微环境中,外泌体可包裹ncRNA、蛋白质、脂质等生物调节活性物质,从母细胞释放并被骨细胞内吞,实现细胞之间的信息交流,进而调节骨细胞的活性。因此,具有基因载体功能的外泌体,其携带的ncRNA可补充或吸附骨细胞内异常调节的ncRNA,从而调节骨细胞活性,并有望成为骨修复的重要材料。该文将外泌体miRNA、lncRNA、circRNA对骨质疏松症作用的文献进行检索,对外泌体ncRNA在骨质疏松症中发病机制的研究进行综述。

Exosomes are mediators of intercellular communication,which can fuse with target cells,transfer encapsulated substances to target cells,and protect their contents from degradation by extracellular enzymes,thus mediating information exchange between cells.The expression of noncoding RNA(ncRNA)in osteoblasts is up-regulated or down-regulated in osteoporosis,which affects the proliferation,migration and apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,thus affecting the occurrence and development of osteoporosis.Recent studies have shown that in the osteocyte microenvironment,exosomes can encapsulate ncRNA,proteins,lipids and other bioregulatory active substances,which are released from mother cells and endocytosed by osteocytes to realize the communication between cells and regulate the activity of osteocytes.Therefore,exosomes have the function of gene carrier,and the ncRNA carried by exosomes can supplement or adsorb abnormally regulated ncRNA in bone cells,thus regulating the activity of bone cells,and is expected to become an important material for bone repair.This paper reviews the pathogenesis of exosome ncRNAs in osteoporosis by searching existing literatures on the effects of exosome miRNA,lncRNA and circRNA on osteoporosis.