家庭密集型教养路径受阻时的教育焦虑反应及阶层差异

Educational Anxiety and Class Differences When Family Intensive Parenting Pathways are Blocked

多年来,我国家庭以过度校外培训和过量作业练习为路径构筑起了密集型教养的“内卷化”竞争赛道,而“双减”政策使得家庭所依赖的这两条密集型教养路径受阻。分别对2037位和12位中小学生家长进行问卷调查和深度访谈,发现密集型教养路径受阻时家长的当前学业焦虑和未来地位焦虑被激发。在当前学业焦虑方面表现为校外培训路径受阻激发的资源焦虑和课后作业路径受阻激发的缺失焦虑;在未来地位焦虑方面表现为担忧子女学业优势不足而感到博弈竞争焦虑,担忧未来教育竞争力提升路径受阻而感到应试焦虑,担忧社会阶层向上流动路径受阻而感到分层焦虑。对不同社会经济地位群体比较发现,高、中SES组家长感受到的教育资源主观剥夺感更强,而低SES组家长在密集型教养实际路径方面受阻更多。对在密集型教养路径受阻的情境下,“密集型教养—当前学业优势—未来学业竞争力—社会阶层向上流动”的动力路径和文化资本对该路径的差异性作用进行了验证。

For many years,Chinese families have built a“internalized”competition track for intensive education through excessive off campus training and excessive homework practice,but the“Double Reduction”policy hinders the intensive education path that families relied on.This study conducted a questionnaire survey on 2037 parents of primary and secondary school students,and conducted in-depth interviews with 12 parents.It is found that when the intensive education path is blocked,parents’current academic anxiety and future status anxiety are stimulated.In terms of current academic anxiety,it is manifested as resource anxiety triggered by the obstruction of extracurricular training paths and method anxiety triggered by the obstruction of after-school homework paths;In terms of future status anxiety,it manifests as worrying about the insufficient academic advantage of children and feeling game competition anxiety,worrying about the obstruction of the path to improve future education competitiveness and feeling exam oriented anxiety,and worrying about the obstruction of the upward mobility path of social class and feeling hierarchical anxiety.By comparing different groups with Social Economic Status,it is found that Parents in the high and medium SES groups experience stronger subjective deprivation of educational resources,while parents in the low SES group are more hindered in the practical path of intensive parenting.Under the situation that the intensive education path is blocked,this study verifies the dynamic path of intensive education and the differential role of cultural capital on this path.