全光法原子磁强计中弱磁信号检测研究进展

Research progress on detection methods of weak magnetic signal in all-optical atomic magnetometer

准确地探测和测量磁场,特别是极弱磁场(nT级以下),对理解物理世界可以起到更好的辅助作用。随着量子传感、信息、仪器仪表等技术的发展,原子磁场测量技术成为新一代超高灵敏磁场测量技术的发展方向。综述了原子磁强计中信号测量、调制方法、研究进展、设计方案以及实际应用的情况。首先介绍了近年来国内外原子磁强计的研究现状;其次阐述了全光法原子磁强计的基本原理;接着详细讲解了弱磁信号检测原理,并对不同的调制方法进行了比较;最后对弱磁信号高灵敏度的检测在今后的改进方向、应用领域和所面临的挑战进行了展望。

Accurate detection and measurement of magnetic fields,especially extremely weak magnetic fields(below nT level),plays a better auxiliary role in understanding the physical world.With the development of quantum sensing,information,instrumentation and other technologies,atomic magnetic field measurement technology has become the development direction of a new generation of ultra-sensitive magnetic field measurement technology.In this paper,the signal measurement,modulation methods,research progress,design scheme and practical application of atomic magnetometer are summarized.Firstly,the research status of atomic magnetometer at home and abroad in recent years is introduced.Secondly,the basic principle of all-optical atomic magnetometer is discussed.Thirdly,the principle of weak magnetic signal detection is explained in detail and different modulation methods are compared.Finally,the direction of improvement,application fields and challenges of high sensitivity de tection of weak magnetic signal in the future are prospected.