试析文天祥“黄冠故乡”之谜与朝鲜儒士的解读

On Choson Korean Confucianists’Interpretations about Wen Tianxiang’s Saying“Going Home with Yellow Crown”

元官修《宋史·文天祥传》将邓光荐《文丞相传》的叙述,删节编改,生造出文天祥“黄冠归故乡”之说,弄清其史源,是解决这一问题的有效途径。朝鲜正祖御撰《宋史筌》,因惩处洪启禧,而摒弃其《文山先生详传》中的说法,沿袭《宋史》之说,致使朝鲜儒士多不质疑“黄冠故乡”说,而是给予各种解读,诸如为宋复仇说、效仿微子与箕子之“教化说”“时义说”等,丰富了对“黄冠故乡”之理解,也有助于深入探讨文天祥之生死观。文天祥的忠诚节义精神,契合朝鲜王朝后期“尊周思明”的政治文化,因而他成为朝鲜儒林关注的中国历史上重要人物之一。

It is an effective way to solve this problem by clarifying its historical source that Wen Tianxiang’s saying“Going Home with Yellow Crown”had been recorded in Songshi·Wen Tianxiangzhuan which abridged and edited from the narrative of Deng Guangjian’s“Biography of Wen Chengxiang”.Since Choson King Jeongjo followed Songshi·Wen Tianxiangzhuan rather than Hong Chixi’s Wenshan Xianshen Xiangzhuan in his Song Shiquan so that the Korean Confucian scholars did not question the saying“Going Home with Yellow Crown”,but gave various interpretations.Those for example,the revenge for the Song Dynasty,the“doctrine of indoctrination”and the“theory of keeping pace with times”,enrich the understanding of Wen Tianxiang’s saying“Going Home with Yellow Crown”,and also help to deeply explore Wen Tianxiang’s concept of life and death.Wen Tianxiang’s spirit of loyalty and righteousness was in line with the political culture of“respecting the Zhou and Missing the Great Ming”in the later period of the Choson dynasty,so he became one of the important historical figures concerned by the Korean Confucians.