专科护士主导的全程居家健康管理模式在冠心病患者PCI术后的应用

Application of nurses specialist-led whole-course home health management model in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI

目的 探讨基于专科护士主导的全程居家健康管理对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后患者自我管理能力及健康相关行为的影响。方法 选择2021年1月至12月期间收治的冠心病PCI术后的患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组。对照组给予常规居家健康管理,观察组采用基于专科护士主导的全程居家健康管理。随访12个月,比较两组自我管理能力、健康相关行为、主要心血管事件等指标。结果 共纳入152例患者,每组各76例,试验过程中,观察组剔除脱落2例,对照组剔除脱落4例,最终完成试验146例,观察组74例,对照组72例。观察组患者不良嗜好管理(17.54±2.36 vs.15.12±2.45)、症状管理(14.25±2.35 vs.12.32±2.14)、疾病知识管理(18.45±3.53 vs.15.72±3.45)、日常生活管理(16.43±3.15 vs.14.72±3.08)、治疗依从性管理(12.36±1.54 vs.10.54±1.32)、自我管理能力总分(107.44±13.12 vs.95.56±12.43)均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);观察组患者遵医用药(86.49%vs.72.22%)、合理饮食(85.14%vs.70.83%)、规律运动(81.08%vs.62.50%)、戒烟(91.89%vs.80.56%)、定期监测体重指数(79.73%vs.63.89%)均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);观察组患者再发心绞痛等主要心血管事件发生率(9.46%vs.22.22%)显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 基于专科护士主导的全程居家健康管理能够提高冠心病PCI术后患者自我管理能力,促进健康相关行为的养成,降低主要心血管事件发生率。

Objective To study effects of whole-course home health management based on specialist nurses on self-management ability and health-related behaviors of patients with coronary heart disease a?ter percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods Patients of coronary heart disease treated a?ter PCI from January 2021 to December 2021 were collected and divided into observation group and control group.The control group given routine home health management,the observation group given whole-course home health education based on specialist nurses.Followed up for 12 months,self-management ability,health-related behaviors,major cardiovascular events were compared between two groups.Results 152 patients were collected and each group has 76 patients.During the trail,2 cases were excluded from the observation group and 4 cases were excluded from the control group,and finally 146 cases of the trial were completed,74 cases in the observation group and 72 cases in the control group.The observation group adverse habit management(17.54±2.36 vs.15.12±2.45),symptom management(14.25±2.35 vs.12.32±2.14),disease knowledge management(18.45±3.53 vs.15.72±3.45),daily life management(16.43±3.15 vs.14.72±3.08),treatment compliance management(12.36±1.54 vs.10.54±1.32),self-management ability total score(107.44±13.12 vs.95.56±12.43) were higher than that control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the observation group drug compliance(86.49% vs.72.22%),rational diet(85.14% vs.70.83%),regular exercise(81.08%vs.62.50%),quitting smoking(91.89% vs.80.56%),regular monitoring body mass(79.73% vs.63.89%) higher than that control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the observation group major cardiovascular events(9.46% vs.22.22%) lower than that control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Whole-course home health management based on specialist nurses can improve self-management ability of patients with coronary heart disease a?ter PCI,promote the formation of health-related behaviors,and reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events.