“斯密问题”的由来、新表征与破解机理

The Origin,New Characterization of “DAS ADAM SMITH PROBLEM”,and China's Solution Mechanism——Thinking Based on the Spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress

“斯密问题”由德国历史学派提出并在学术界引发热议,主要形成了矛盾论、统一论和依情境讨论三种观点。随着时代的发展,“斯密问题”在理论层面表现为行为主体“利己”与“顾他”间的矛盾,现实层面表现为道德建设与经济发展失衡的非偶然性。这两个新的表征成为各国亟待解决的问题。根据桑塔费学派思想,各主体的行为选择不单出于“顾己”动机,还受环境、文化、习俗等影响产生“顾他”动机。要解决这一问题必须兼顾外在力量推动和内在动力驱动,形成“有效市场、有为政府、有爱社会”是破解机理的核心所在。党的二十大进一步指出完善三次分配的重要性,体现出构建有爱社会对推进共同富裕具有极强的潜在力。

The “DAS ADAM SMITH PROBLEM” was put forward by the school of German history and caused heated discussion in academic circles,mainly forming the three viewpoints of the theory of contradiction,the theory of unification and the discussion according to the situation.With the times advancing,the “DAS ADAM SMITH PROBLEM” is manifested as the contradiction between “Self-Interested” preference and “Other-Regarding” preference in theory,and the non-accidental imbalance between moral construction and economic development in reality.These two new characteristics become urgent problems for all countries to solve.According to Santa Fe Institute Economists of thought,the behavior choice of each subject is not only motivated by "Self-Interested",but also “Other-Regarding” generated under the influence of the environment,culture and custom.In order to solve this problem,we must take into account both advancement of external forces and internal driving forces,and the formation of “efficient market,capable government and loving society” is the core of the solution mechanism.The 20th CPC National Congress further pointed out the importance of improving the tertiary distribution,reflecting the strong potential of building a loving society to promote common prosperity.