劳动力市场高质量发展的测度及时空特征

The Measurement and Spatio-temporal Characteristics of the High-quality Development of Labor Market

劳动力市场高质量发展是经济高质量发展的关键,根据高质量发展理论内涵和高质量就业的目标需求,对劳动力市场高质量发展进行测度具有重要意义。根据时空极差熵值法对2010—2019年的劳动力市场高质量发展指数进行测度的基础上,利用莫兰指数检验、Dagum基尼系数及kernel密度分析,揭示劳动力市场高质量发展的时间趋势及空间差异。研究发现:第一,除东北地区外,劳动力市场高质量发展水平稳步提升,但总体发展水平有待提高;第二,区域间发展差异扩大,并且是劳动力市场高质量发展的主要差异来源;第三,区域间的发展差异主要来自于东部地区与其他地区的差异;第四,东北地区内部绝对差异扩大,东部地区内部相对差异扩大。根据研究发现所带来的启示是:应整体改善就业环境、提高就业服务水平和就业公平性;东北地区需要改善经济发展水平,提高充分就业水平,从而缩小地区间的发展差异;提高区域间的合作互通能力,协调劳动力资源配置,并通过学习效应和外溢效应发挥增长极的积极作用。

The high-quality development of labor market is the key to the high-quality economic development,and it is of significance to measure the high-quality development of labor market according to the theoretical connotation of high-quality development and the target demand of high-quality employment.Based on the measurement of the labor market high-quality development index from 2010 to 2019 based on the entropy method of spatio-temporal polar differences,this paper uses the Moran's I,the Dagum Gini coefficient and kernel density analysis to reveal the temporal trends and spatial differences of the labor market high-quality development.This study finds that:Firstly,the level of high-quality development of labor market has steadily improved except for Northeast China,but the overall development level needs to be improved;secondly,the development difference between regions has expanded,and is the main source of difference in the high-quality development of labor market;thirdly,the development difference between regions mainly comes from the difference between eastern regions and other regions;fourthly,the absolute difference within Northeast China has expanded,and the relative difference within eastern regions has expanded.The research implications based on the research findings are that:Improving the employment environment in an overall way,employment service level and employment equity;improving the level of economic development and increasing the level of full employment in the Northeast region to reduce the development differences between regions;improving the inter-regional cooperation and interoperability,coordinating labor resources allocation,and playing a positive role as a growth pole through learning effect and spillover effect.