关于“戏剧情境”的现象学思考

Phenomenological Thinking on"Dramatic Situation"

从现象学视野来看,“戏剧情境”是以人物处境为基底,以角色内外生命运动为核心内容且主客交融、内外交合、虚实相生、不断流动的综合生命体。在戏剧中,人与情境缘发构成,每个人物总是在其意识到或体验到的情境中生成动机发出动作,而这里的“情境”既有人心缘发构造的成分,亦有主体活态创造的成分,因而情境必然带有一定的生命意味。如果进一步发挥现象学的求真精神,那么会发现:戏剧情境归根到底是戏剧家身心共造之境,其中既有实的要素,也有虚的氛围;戏剧情境的运动固然跟剧中人物性格、人物处境有关,但也跟创作者的生命体验与艺术智慧有关。基于现象学视野重构后的“戏剧情境论”,对于戏剧创作、戏剧评论、戏剧研究具有多重启示意义,有助于中国特色戏剧学话语的建构。

From a phenomenological perspective,the"dramatic situation"is a comprehensive life entity with the characters'circumstance as the foundation and the internal and external life movement of characters as the core,which intermingles the subject and the object,combines the internal and the external,complements reality and fiction,and flows constantly.In drama,characters and situations are mutually constructed and integrated.The characters originate motives and take actions in the situation they are aware of or experience.The"situation that people are aware of or experience"contains a number of subjective elements,so the"situation"is constructed by both the consciousness and the activity of the subjects.If the truth-seeking spirit of phenomenology is further brought into this survey,then it will be found that the dramatic situation is ultimately a context created by the creators physically and mentally,in which there are both fiction and reality.The movement of dramatic situations is not only related to the personalities and situations of the characters,but also to the life experience and artistic wisdom of the creator.The reconstructed"dramatic situation theory"based on phenomenological perspective has multiple enlightening significance for drama creation,drama review and drama studies,so as to contribute to the construction of a discourse system of the drama study with Chinese characteristics.