宋金杂剧历史分期新论

New Discussion on the Historical Stages of Zaju Performances in the Song and Jin Dynasties

宋金时期是我国戏曲形成的重要阶段。宋金杂剧演进为金元戏曲的过程中,其杂剧色、伴奏、乐舞及故事性等因素的发展是关键。据上述因素的变化,宋金杂剧演进历程可分为五个阶段:宋真宗以前的杂剧延续唐代弄参军的表演样式;仁宗朝以来杂剧演出已由杂剧色来完成,且初步有了乐器伴奏;徽宗朝至北宋末,形成了“两段式”杂剧的演出模式,且有了大量乐器伴奏,乐舞因素进一步强化;至南宋初期,出现了乐舞戏和“三段式”的杂剧演出样式,且乐舞因素不断发展,促使“装旦色”出现;南宋宁宗朝以降,宋金杂剧完成了向“歌舞演故事”的戏曲转变。

The Song and Jin Dynasties are an important stage in the formation of Xiqu.During the development of Zaju in Song and Jin dynasties into Xiqu in Jin and Yuan dynasties,the key factors were the development of Zaju roles,music and dance,and story.According to the changes of the above factors,the development of performance in the Song and Jin dynasties can be divided into five stages:the Zaju performance before the reign of Emperor Zhenzong continued the performance style of the Tang Dynasty;during the reign of Emperor Renzong,the performance of Zaju was completed by Zaju roles,and initially accompanied by musical instruments.From the reign of Emperor Huizong to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty,the performance mode of the"two-part"drama was formed with extensive musical instrument accompaniment,and the musical and dance factors were further strengthened.In the early period of the Southern Song Dynasty,the music and dance drama and the"three-part"drama performance style appeared,and the music and dance factors developed continuously,which promoted the appearance of"Zhuang Dan"(female roles).During the reign of Emperor Ningzong in the Southern Song Dynasty,the Song and Jin Zaju was transformed into Xiqu of which"stories are unfolded through song and dance".