国家高新区、创新合作与创新质量基于双元创新合作的视角

National High-Tech Development Zone, Innovation Cooperation and Innovation Quality:Based on the Perspective of Dual Innovation Cooperation

国家高新区是创新生态系统的典型代表,也是提升创新体系效能的重要载体。提出双元创新合作的理论框架,运用多期双重差分模型实证研究了国家高新区对于创新合作的影响,以及不同类型创新合作对于专利质量的影响,分别对于探索式创新合作和利用式创新合作进行分析。结果发现,国家高新区显著促进了创新合作,且创新合作有利于提高创新质量。从双元创新合作的视角,创新合作体现了更强的探索式创新,具备更强的科学性知识和技术性知识,但是在利用式创新方面更加侧重短期的交易型收益,相对忽视了长期的控制型收益。与此同时,高新区对于探索式创新和利用式创新合作均具有正向调节效应。

National High-Tech Development Zone(HTDZ)is a typical representative of innovation ecosystem and an important carrier to enhance the effectiveness of innovation system.With 0.1%of the national land area,HTDZs create more than one-third of China's invention patents and occupy an important position in China's innovation development.Therefore,HTDZ is an important research subject and perspective for China's innovation development.Currently,China's innovation policy has increasingly emphasized the innovation ecosystem,focusing on the mutual cooperation among different innovation agents.This paper proposes a theoretical framework of dual innovation cooperation.Dual innovation refers to the combination of innovation subjects carrying out exploration innovation and exploitation innovation,integrating internal and external innovation resources,then enhancing innovation capacity and achieving innovation development.The original intention of the national High-Tech Development Zone policy is to break the dual structure of relative separation between knowledge and industry.In this innovation ecosystem,the exploration innovation and exploitation innovation of innovation subjects can be better combined,and different innovation subjects can better cooperate with each other,thus im-proving the quality of innovation. This paper combines dual innovation with innovation ecosystem and proposes a theoreticalframework of dual innovation cooperation for the analysis of innovation cooperation in national HTDZs.In the empirical analysis, this paper investigates the impact of National HTDZs on innovation cooperation and the impactof different types of innovation cooperation on patent quality by using multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)model, empirically analyzing exploration innovation and exploitation innovation cooperation. This paper organizes andcombines the full sample of China's patent data, China's high-tech zone establishment data and China's urban economic developmentdata to construct a dataset from 1991-2018. Compared with the existing literature, the data used in this paper inthe empirical study has three advantages. First, in terms of statistical subject, the data in this paper cover all types of applicants,including enterprises, universities, research institutes and individuals. Second, in terms of measurement indicator,the data in this paper not only contain unique patent indicators, but also further calculate important indicators that are notused in the existing literature. Third, in terms of time scope, the data in this paper covers the period from 1991 to 2018,which can reflect the overall development of China's innovation. On this basis, this paper establishes the basic regressionmodel and the dual innovation regression model respectively for empirical analysis. First, this paper uses the multi-perioddifference-in-differences(DID)model to establish the baseline regression model and selects the control group by variousmethods to mitigate endogeneity. Next, this paper analyzes for dual innovation cooperation through specific characteristicindicators of patents in exploration innovation and exploitation innovation.It is found that national HTDZs significantly promote innovation cooperation, and innovation cooperation is conduciveto improving innovation quality. The national HTDZ significantly improves 39.2% of cooperation patents in the hostcity, and the results are still significant after a series of robustness tests. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that theimpact of national HTDZs on innovation cooperation differs for different industries, with the largest contribution for electronicinformation industry and the smallest contribution for food industry, but the contribution is robust and significant ingeneral. From the perspective of dual innovation, innovation cooperation embodies stronger exploration innovation withstronger scientific and technical knowledge, but focuses more on short-term transactional benefit and neglects long-termcontrol benefit in terms of exploitation innovation. At the same time, HTDZs have positive moderating effects on both explorationinnovation and exploitation innovation cooperation.This paper enriches the research on innovation ecosystems affecting innovation cooperation and innovation quality,improving the understanding of dual innovation cooperation. Based on the findings, this paper proposes policy recommendationsin strengthening innovation cooperation in innovation ecosystems.