论健康促进实现的法治保障——以“健康融入万策”框架为基础

An Analysis of Legal Guarantee of Health Promotion in China ——Under the Framework of Health in All Policies

在现代社会,健康是所有政策的综合结果,我国语境下的“健康促进”应解释为健康权的完整实现,其实现进路应运用“健康融入万策”框架,从“政策影响健康”走向“健康影响政策”。但目前健康融入万策在规范体系内的适用范围、具体机制等内容都存在未竟之处。健康融入万策是一种政策制定方式,规范体系应该为健康融入万策确定范式,其适用范围应分三个阶段逐步扩大。健康融入万策的规范体系应当至少包含政策论证制定机制、跨部门合作机制、健康审查机制和健康报告机制四大部分。政策论证制定机制应厘清行政组织的规范定位、明确政策制定的具体下位系统、构建信息共享的开放平台。跨部门合作机制应当包含公权力部门之间的合作系统及非政府主体的合作系统。健康审查机制应明确其适用范围并引入健康影响评估。健康报告机制应通过规范予以制度化、明确化。

Population health is of the result of the combined effect of all policies,Health promotion in Chinese context should be interpreted as the full enjoyment of the right to health,which should be achieved under the framework of Health in All Policies(HiAP),with policy-making shifting from"policy-directed"to"health-directed".However,the scope of application and specific mechanism of HiAP in norm system currently remains undecided in China.HiAP being an approach to policy-making,the norm system should set up paradigms for it,with its scope of application being gradually expanded in three stages.The norm system of Hi‐AP should incorporate four mechanisms of policy-making,multisectoral collaboration,health assessment and health report.Policy-making mechanism should clarify the competent authority and its specific subordinates,and set up the open platform for information sharing.Multisectoral collaboration mechanism should include collaboration among public authorities and among non-governmental stakeholders.Health assessment mechanism should clarify its scope of application and bring in Health Impact Assessment.Health report mechanism should be institutionalized and specified through regulations.