20世纪下半叶海洋法演变与加勒比国家海洋污染防治

Evolution of Sea Laws and Prevention of Marine Pollution in Caribbean Countries in the Second Half of the 20th Century

20世纪下半叶,加勒比海污染问题日益突出,引发各方关注,囿于实力单薄、国际地位低下、甚至担心污染防治影响财政收入,加勒比国家未能在意识到污染问题时立即采取防治措施,而是选择了一条与国际海洋法共进退的后知后觉型污染防治道路。具体而言,加勒比国家污染防治进程分为三个阶段:20世纪五六十年代,国际海洋法处于发轫期,区域和国家层面的海洋法尚属一片空白,加勒比国家意识到海洋污染的存在,但并未采取任何实质性的防污举措;1970年代,国际海洋法的更新完善激发了加勒比国家的污染防治意识,它们积极地在国际舞台上表达防污诉求,同时相互之间展开磋商,寻求建立污染防治合作机制;1980年代及以后,加勒比国家成立污染防治区域合作部门,制订工作计划,出台区域海洋法,积极寻求国际社会承认泛加勒比海区域为“特殊区域”,深化污染防治区域的行动。质言之,伴随国际海洋法的不断完善,加勒比国家对外寻求国际帮助,对内强化合作,落实污染防治举措,推动加勒比海污染防治工作深入发展。

The present paper divides Caribbean countries' prevention of marine pollution into three phases.1) The1950s and 1960s.It did not take any substantive measures to prevent pollution as international sea laws were still in its incipient stage.2) The 1970s.It took active measures to set up an anti-pollution mechanism as sea laws were improved substantially.3) The 1980s-present.Transnational departments against pollution have been set up and it strives for being a special area in light of international sea laws.