近观与远望:研究张永和建筑实践的几个切入点

Telescopic and Microscopic:On How to Study Yung Ho Chang’s Architectural Practice in China and Beyond

如何在一个大的历史和世界的背景下研究一位建筑师?如何在此大背景下研究现当代中国建筑?个体建筑师与整体建筑设计文化呈何种关系?建筑师自身的话语和历史地理大背景下的整体建筑学术判断,又是什么关系?在众多关于张永和的研究的当下,我们又有什么新的视角?本文试图在方法论上思考这些问题。本文以远观和近看的不同焦距,考察并提出研究张永和建筑实践的几个切入点:个体履历在世界地理上的穿梭;路径中的关键节点;1990年代后期关于“基本建筑”的提出的突破和意义;“基本建筑”与“叙事建筑”的内在关联性;三十年来“基本建筑”在实践中的扩充和渐变;张永和建筑实践的“话语”活动及其多重形式;建筑文化和建筑媒体的重要性;以及中美关系和中外关系在研究个体建筑师和整体中国建筑中的重要性。

How to examine an architect in the context of historical and global relationships?How to outline and define architecture of modern and current China in such a context?And how do these two situations–individual architects and China’s architectural design culture–get entangled and in what ways?What are the relationships between an architect’s own statement and actual developments judged in a larger context?Given the weight of publications and a profusion of coverage on Yung Ho Chang,what can we add for a new and critical perspective?This article aims to explore these methodological issues.Adopting telescopic and microscopic lenses,this article proposes and articulates these themes as important for a study on Yung Ho Chang:biographic trajectories across a global and historical map;critical moments on the trajectory;the breakthrough and its importance in Yung Ho Chang’s proposal of a‘Basic Architecture’in the late 1990s;internal and logical relationships between‘Narrative Architecture’and‘Basic Architecture’;an opening expansion of the vocabulary of Basic Architecture over the last three decades;Yung Ho Chang’s practice as a speaking‘discourse’in multiple forms;the crucial roles architectural culture and media have played;and the significance of international relations in our understanding on individual architects and an overall design culture in China.