民用航空运输载重配平问题研究综述

Review of studies on load balancing problem in civil aviation transportation

为了解当前飞机载重配平的发展水平和研究进展,并为后续配载技术研究与应用提供借鉴,首先,介绍了载重平衡中的重量、重心和重心包线的概念。其次,总结了民用航空货运配载问题的3个研究方向:货物运输计划、货物装箱问题、集装器装载配平问题,并根据研究时间进程将集装器装载配平问题分为启发式算法和(混合)整数线性规划方法。然后,介绍了配载技术的发展及应用现状,总结分析了航空公司配载发展过程,把配载技术的应用发展分为手工配载、计算机辅助的半手工配载、自动配载3个阶段;通过文献综述发现,近期配载研究由于采用简化的目标重心偏差约束,从而造成研究与实际应用出现较大差距。最后,对配载技术提出了展望,认为未来的配载技术将以实际重心包线为基础,由枚举法过渡到整数规划方法,逐步实现配载优化,并借助机器学习等技术融入公司偏好和运行经验,从而实现属于航空公司偏好的智能配载方案。

In order to understand the current development level and research progress of aircraft weight and balance(AWB),and provide reference for the subsequent research and application of loading technology,the concept of weight,center of gravity(CG)and center of gravity envelope is introduced firstly.Secondly,three research directions of air cargo loading are summarized,including cargo transportation planning,cargo packing,container loading balance.And container loading balance is divided into heuristic method and(mixed)integer linear programming method according to the time process.Then,the development and application status of the loading technology are introduced,the development process of the AWB are summarized and analyzed,and the application of the loading technology is divided into three stages of manual AWB,computer-aided AWB and automatic AWB.Through the literature review,it is found that the recent research on loading adopts the simplified target center of gravity deviation constraint,resulting in a large gap between the research and the practical application.Finally,the prospect of the loading technology is proposed,stating that the future loading technology will be based on the actual center of gravity envelope,transitioning from the enumeration method to the integer planning method,gradually achieve loading optimization,and integrate machine learning and other technologies into company preferences and operating experience to achieve intelligent loading scheme belongs to airline preferences.