大能源视角下中国能源安全形势及中央企业作用研究

Research on China’s energy security situation and the role of central SOEs from the perspective of generalized energy

大能源视角下,能源安全内涵更加多元、立体,除传统能源安全外,还需要关注能源资源“政治化”“金融化”,与此同时,新能源发展所需的战略性矿产成为大国博弈的新焦点。在新形势下,中国能源资源安全总体可控,一次能源对外依存度控制在20%左右,但也面临油气生产、油气储备、新能源可靠替代、能源资源进口、能源运输通道、能源风险溢价等六个方面的主要问题。本文系统梳理了中央企业能源资源保障作用,中央企业作为国家能源资源保障“主力军”,对中国的油气、电力供给贡献突出,是能源储运建设主体,具有丰富的国际合作经验,持续加码清洁能源布局,引领科技创新和标准体系建设。考虑能源供应可靠性、价格合理性、通道安全性、结构清洁性,从中央企业自身优势和能源资源保障需要角度,提出中央企业在能源生产、储备、合作、低碳、科技、金融六个方面的优化方向,为中央企业提高价值创造能力、提高质量效益、提高对国民经济增长贡献度等方面提供借鉴和参考。

From the perspective of generalized energy,the connotation of energy security is more diversified and multi-dimensioned.In addition to traditional energy security,attention should also be paid to the politicization and financialization of energy resources.At the same time,strategic minerals required for the development of new energy industry have become a new focus of the big-power game.Under the new situation,China’s energy and resource security is generally controllable,with a foreign dependence ratio of primary energy at around 20%.However,China still faces issues from six aspects,including oil and gas production,oil and gas reserves,reliable substitution of new energy,energy resource imports,energy transportation channels,and energy risk premiums.This paper has systematically sorted out the role of central SOEs(state-owned enterprises)in ensuring energy resources.As the“main force”of national energy resource security,the central SOEs have made outstanding contributions to China’s oil,gas,and electricity supply.They are the main body of the construction of energy storage and transportation,who have rich international cooperation experience,continue to strengthen the layout of clean energy,and lead technological innovation and standard system construction.Considering the reliability,affordability,channel safety,and low-carbon level of energy supply,from the perspective of central SOEs’advantages and mission of ensuring energy resource security,this paper proposes six optimization directions for central SOEs:energy production,reserves,cooperation,low-carbon,technology,and finance,which provides reference and guidance for central SOEs to improve their value creation ability,quality benefits,and their contribution to national economic growth.