美国特许学校中特殊教育的发展特点及面临的挑战

The Development Characteristics and Challenges of Special Education in Charter Schools in the United States

随着美国特许学校的快速发展,美国特许学校中招收特殊儿童的占比稳步提高,其发展特点是以融合课堂为主轴的安置形式、以全方位评估为重点的评价方式、以弹性化课程和个性化教学为主导的教育模式、以特殊学生父母满意度为核心的服务理念。基于美国特许学校中特殊教育的发展经验与教训,我国特殊教育未来需要进一步完善支持保障体系;采用增值性评价与表现性评价相结合的多元评估方式;丰富课程及教学方式;尊重特殊学生家长意愿,促进家校协同共育。

With the rapid growth of charter schools in the United States,the percentage of children with special needs enrolled in American charter schools has steadily increased and its development is characterized by the placement form with the inclusive classroom as the main axis;the evaluation method focusing on all-around assessment;the education mode dominated by flexible curriculum and personalized teaching;and the service concept with the satisfaction of parents as the core.Based on the experience learned from the development of special education in charter schools in the U.S.,special education in China needs to further improve the support and guarantee system in the future;adopt a diversified assessment method combining value-added and performance evaluations;enrich the curricula and teaching methods;and respect the wishes of parents of special students to promote collaborative education home and school.