样例学习视角下统编语文教材旁批研究

Research on the Side Note in Unified Chinese Textbook from the Perspective of Learning by Example

统编语文教材在编写体例上使用旁批来助力学生的阅读。从样例学习的视角看,旁批是促进学生对语文双内容样例进行自我解释的措施。根据旁批涉及的内容可区分出学习领域旁批和示例领域旁批;根据旁批的形式可区分出自我解释提示型旁批和教学解释型旁批。采用文本分析法对6—9年级统编语文教材的旁批类型进行调查,发现上述旁批类型均有涉及,但偏重示例领域的自我解释提示。根据样例学习的研究和旁批设置的现状,统编语文教材旁批应面向教读课文和自读课文、以自我解释提示为主要形式、主要针对学习领域设置;可以采用“为什么”类型的问题、比较正反例证等多种旁批形式来引发学生的自我解释活动。

Unified Chinese textbook tries to innovate the compilation style of side note,using it to promote students'reading comprehension.From the perspective of learning by example,side note promotes students'self-explanation of double-content example.It can be divided into learning domain one and example domain one according to their content or can be classified as self-explanation one and instructional explanation one by their form.This article uses text analysis methodology to conduct research on side note in unified Chinese textbook from Grade 6 to 9,indicating that all kinds of side notes are used with the emphasis on self-explanation in example domain.According to the research on learning by example and the condition of side note,side note should face to instructional and self-reading texts with self-explanation as the main form for learning domain.Besides,it can use"why"questions and comparative examples to trigger students'self-explaining activities.