南宁市某传染病专科医院医务人员职业倦怠现状调查

Investigation on current status of job burnout of medical staff in an infectious disease specialty hospital in Nanning City

目的了解传染病专科医院医务人员职业倦怠现状,探讨个体因素及社会支持对倦怠水平的影响。方法以南宁市某传染病专科医院医务人员为研究对象,于2022年3—5月按人员规模比例随机抽取310名医务人员采用一般人口学资料、职业倦怠量表、社会支持量表开展调查。结果310名调查对象职业倦怠总得分为(53.04±11.90)分,其中情感耗竭、工作态度消极、个人低成就感维度得分分别为(6.20±3.56)(4.86±3.16)和(30.91±7.87)分,职业倦怠、情绪衰竭、工作态度消极及个人低成就感检出率分别为26.45%、2.90%、3.55%和23.55%。医务人员对目前工作不满意的原因前3位依次是工作、晋升和科研等压力太大、社会认可度太低、医疗风险太大。多独立样本分析显示,不同人口学特征中工作类别和职称与职业倦怠各维度得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),工作类别方面,行政人员情感衰竭和工作态度消极得分最高,护士个人低成就感得分最低。不同职称方面,未定级的医务人员情绪衰竭和工作态度消极得分最高,个人低成就感得分最低。不同压力源中科研压力、养老压力、日平均工作时间、日平均睡眠时间、能否兼顾工作与家庭、患者不满或家属责备的频率是职业倦怠重要影响因素(均P<0.01);除个人低成就感维度外,其他职业倦怠维度和社会支持各维度均呈负相关(均P<0.01)。结论工作期望值过高、科研压力大、共情疲劳等、医患关系紧张、医疗服务能力与社会需求不相匹配等是影响医务人员职业倦怠的重要因素。建议医院管理更加注重人文关怀,多关注医务人员心态变化,加强职业防护和科研指导,政府、媒体、群众等社会方面应给予医务人员更多的社会支持。

Objective To investigate current status of job burnout of medical staff in infectious disease specialty hospitals,explore the influence of individual factors and social support on the burnout level.Methods The medical employees in an infectious disease specialty hospital in Nanning City were collected as the research object.Totally 310 medical workers were sampled based on the proportion of personnel size from March to May 2022,and were investigated with the general demographic questionnaire,occupational burnout scale,social support scale.Results The total score of job burnout among 310 respondents was(53.04±11.90)points,in which the scores of emotional exhaustion,negative work attitude,and low sense of accomplishment were(6.20±3.56),(4.86±3.16),(30.91±7.87)points,respectively,while the detection rates of job burnout,emotional failure,negative work attitude and low sense of accomplishment were 26.45%,2.90%,3.55%and 23.55%,respectively.The top three factors that keep medical staff to be unsatisfied with the current job were heavy pressure from work,promotion and scientific research,lower social recognition and higher job risk from medical practice.The multiple independent sample analysis displayed the there were statistically significant differences in the scores in each dimension of job burnout among different demographic characteristics groups of work category and professional title(all P<0.05).In terms of work category,the administrators had the highest scores on emotional exhaustion and negative work attitude,and the nurses had the lowest scores on low personal achievement.In terms of different professional title,the medical staff with unspecified title had the highest score of emotional failure and negative work attitude,and the lowest score of low personal achievement.Among all the stressors,the stress from scientific research,the pension pressure,average daily working hours,average daily sleep time,balance work and family,frequency of patient dissatisfaction or family blame were important factors affecting job burnout(all P<0.01).Except for the dimension of low sense of accomplishment,other dimensions of job burnout were negatively correlated with all dimensions of social support(all P<0.01).Conclusions The factors such as high work expectations,high research pressure,empathy fatigue,tense doctor-patient relationship,and mismatch between medical service capabilities and social needs are important factors affecting job burnout of medical staff.It is suggested that hospital manager should pay more attention to humanistic care and mentality change of medical staff,strengthen occupational protection and scientific research guidance,and the government,the media and the public should give more social support to medical staff.